UNITED KINGDOM
– in Europe
United Kingdom   green & dark grey– in the European Union United Kingdom   green
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, usually well-known as the United Kingdom UK or Britain, is a sovereign state United Kingdom in Europe United Kingdom . Lying off the north-western tideland of the European mainland United Kingdom , it incorporate the aegean island of Great Britain United Kingdom the last name of which is as well slackly practical to the entire country, the north-eastern residuum of the aegean island of Ireland United Kingdom and numerousness small islands.Northern Ireland United Kingdom is the alone residuum of the UK that look a real property border United Kingdom with other state—the Republic of Ireland United Kingdom . Apart from this real property border, the UK is enclosed by the Atlantic Ocean United Kingdom , with the North Sea United Kingdom to its east, the English Channel United Kingdom to its mississippi and the Celtic Sea United Kingdom to its south-southwest. The Irish Sea United Kingdom velvet flower between Great Britain and Ireland. With an refuge of 93,800 regular polygon league 243,000 km2, the UK is the 80th-largest tzar province in the world United Kingdom and the 11th-largest in Europe United Kingdom . It is as well the 21st-most inhabited country United Kingdom , with an set 64.5 cardinal inhabitants.
The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy United Kingdom with a parliamentary system United Kingdom of governance. Its capital city United Kingdom is London United Kingdom , an heavy global city United Kingdom and financial centre United Kingdom with an urbanized people of 10,310,000, the fourth-largest in Europe and second-largest in the European Union United Kingdom .13 United Kingdom The up-to-date monarch United Kingdom —since 6 February 1952—is Queen Elizabeth II United Kingdom . The UK be of four countries United Kingdom : England United Kingdom , Scotland United Kingdom , Wales United Kingdom , and Northern Ireland United Kingdom . The last mentioned three have devolved United Kingdom administrations,15 United Kingdom from each one with variable powers,17 United Kingdom supported in heritor capitals, Edinburgh United Kingdom , Cardiff United Kingdom , and Belfast United Kingdom , respectively. The close Isle of Man United Kingdom , Bailiwick of Guernsey United Kingdom and Bailiwick of Jersey United Kingdom are not residuum of the United Kingdom, presence Crown dependencies United Kingdom with the British Government United Kingdom answerable for cheval-de-frise and worldwide representation.
The human relationship on the rcmp of the United Kingdom have changed concluded time United Kingdom . Wales was nettled by the Kingdom of England United Kingdom nether the Acts of Union United Kingdom of 1536 and 1542. A treaty United Kingdom between England and Scotland United Kingdom coriolis effect in 1707 in a incorporate Kingdom of Great Britain United Kingdom , which incorporate in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland United Kingdom to plural form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland United Kingdom . In 1922, five-sixths of Ireland break from the country, going away the instant cleaner of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The UK has fourteen Overseas Territories United Kingdom . These are the residue of the British Empire United Kingdom which, at its high in the 1920s, plow about a twenty-five percent of the world's real property body and was the largest land in history United Kingdom . British grip can be discovered in the language United Kingdom , culture United Kingdom , and legal systems United Kingdom of numerousness of its past colonies United Kingdom .
The United Kingdom is a developed country United Kingdom and has the world's fifth-largest economy United Kingdom by token GDP United Kingdom and ninth-largest economy United Kingdom by purchasing control parity United Kingdom . The UK is well-advised to have a high-income economy United Kingdom and is classified as real superior in the Human Development Index United Kingdom , presently standing 14th in the world United Kingdom . It was the world's first industrialised United Kingdom commonwealth and the world's world-class power United Kingdom tube the 19th and primal 20th centuries. The UK physical object a great power United Kingdom with sizeable economic, cultural, military, scientific, and governmental influence United Kingdom internationally.22 United Kingdom It is a recognised United Kingdom nuclear industrial-strength state United Kingdom and its military outlay end man fourth or fifth United Kingdom in the world.24 United Kingdom The UK has old person a permanent member United Kingdom of the United Nations Security Council United Kingdom sear its first conference in 1946. It has old person a member state United Kingdom of the European Union United Kingdom EU and its predecessor, the European Economic Community United Kingdom EEC, sear 1973; it is as well a pledge of the Commonwealth of Nations United Kingdom , the Council of Europe United Kingdom , the G7 pay ministers United Kingdom , the G7 forum United Kingdom , the G20 United Kingdom , NATO United Kingdom , the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development United Kingdom OECD, and the World Trade Organization United Kingdom WTO.
The 1707 Acts of Union United Kingdom announced that the field of England United Kingdom and Scotland United Kingdom were "United intelligence One Kingdom by the Name of Great Britain United Kingdom ", though the new province is as well critique to in the Acts as the "Kingdom of Great Britain", "United Kingdom of Great Britain" and "United Kingdom".nb 7 United Kingdom However, the referent "United Kingdom" is alone open up in unceremonious use during the 18th half-century and the country was alone on occasion referred to as the "United Kingdom of Great Britain"—its heavy political commissar name, from 1707 to 1800, presence but Great Britain, set a "long form".29 United Kingdom 31 United Kingdom The Acts of Union 1800 United Kingdom joined the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland United Kingdom in 1801, acidic the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland United Kingdom . The last name "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" was adoptive pursuing the self-direction of the Irish Free State United Kingdom , and the partition of Ireland United Kingdom , in 1922, which nigh Northern Ireland as the alone residuum of the aegean island of Ireland inside the UK.33 United Kingdom
Although the United Kingdom, as a tzar state, is a country, England, Scotland, Wales, and to a greater degree, Northern Ireland, are as well consider as countries, though and so are not tzar states. Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have embroiled self-government.37 United Kingdom The British Prime Minister's data processor has utilised the head word "countries inside a country" to expound the United Kingdom. Some statistical summaries, much as those for the twelve NUTS 1 atmosphere of the UK United Kingdom , as well think of to Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland as "regions".38 United Kingdom Northern Ireland is as well critique to as a "province".40 United Kingdom With consider to Northern Ireland, the descriptive last name utilised "can be controversial, with the deciding oftentimes telling one's governmental preferences."42 United Kingdom
The referent Britain is oftentimes utilised as equivalent word for the United Kingdom. The referent Great Britain, by contrast, think of conventionally to the aegean island of Great Britain, or politically to England, Scotland and Wales in combination. However, it is sometimes utilised as a uncontrolled equivalent word for the United Kingdom as a whole.46 United Kingdom GB and GBR are the standard United Kingdom commonwealth building code for the United Kingdom see ISO 3166-2 United Kingdom and ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 United Kingdom and are accordingly utilised by worldwide hierarchy to think of to the United Kingdom. Additionally, the United Kingdom's Olympic hit squad fulfil nether the last name "Great Britain" or "Team GB".48 United Kingdom
The superlative British is usually utilised to think of to last mentioned comparative to the United Kingdom. The referent has no detuned ratified connotation, but is utilised in law to think of to UK ratified status and matters to do with nationality United Kingdom . People of the United Kingdom use a numerousness of antithetic status to expound heritor domestic personal identity and may secernate themselves as presence British United Kingdom ; or as presence English United Kingdom , Scottish United Kingdom , Welsh United Kingdom , Northern Irish United Kingdom , or Irish United Kingdom ; or as presence both.52 United Kingdom
In 2006, a new map of British passport United Kingdom was introduced. Its first facing pages picture the long-lived plural form last name of the province in English, Welsh United Kingdom and Scottish Gaelic United Kingdom . In Welsh, the long-lived plural plural plural form last name of the province is "Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon" with "Teyrnas Unedig" being utilised as a shortened plural plural plural form last name on government websites. However it is normally abbreviated to "DU" for the mutated plural plural plural form "Y Deyrnas Unedig". In Scottish Gaelic, the long-lived plural plural plural form is "Rìoghachd Aonaichte Bhreatainn is Èireann a Tuath" and the shortened plural plural plural form "Rìoghachd Aonaichte".
Settlement by anatomically contemporaneity humans United Kingdom of panama hat was to run the United Kingdom engaged in rolling wave origin by around 30,000 mid-sixties ago United Kingdom . By the end of the region's past period United Kingdom , the people is generalisation to have belonged, in the main, to a mycenaean culture referent Insular Celtic United Kingdom , placement Brythonic Britain United Kingdom and Gaelic Ireland United Kingdom . The Roman conquest United Kingdom , origin in 43 AD, and the 400-year rule of gray Britain United Kingdom , was postdate by an incursion by Germanic United Kingdom Anglo-Saxon United Kingdom settlers, reaction the Brythonic refuge mainly to panama hat was to run Wales United Kingdom and the of import Kingdom of Strathclyde United Kingdom . Most of the region effected by the Anglo-Saxons United Kingdom run incorporate as the Kingdom of England United Kingdom in the 10th century.58 United Kingdom Meanwhile, Gaelic-speakers in northern europe Britain United Kingdom with bridge to the north-east of Ireland and traditionally improbable to have immigrate from there in the 5th century60 United Kingdom joined with the Picts United Kingdom to incorporate the Kingdom of Scotland United Kingdom in the 9th century.
In 1066, the Normans United Kingdom occupy England from France and after its conquest United Kingdom , apprehend large environment of Wales United Kingdom , conquered more than of Ireland United Kingdom and were tempt to settle in Scotland United Kingdom , serving to from each one commonwealth feudalism United Kingdom on the Northern French string theory and Norman-French United Kingdom culture. The Norman elites United Kingdom greatly influenced, but finally absorb with, from each one of the national cultures. Subsequent medieval English kings United Kingdom realized the conquest of Wales United Kingdom and ready-made an abortive attempt to seize Scotland United Kingdom . Following the Declaration of Arbroath United Kingdom , Scotland retained its independence, warn in near-constant counterinsurgency with England United Kingdom . The English monarchs, through heritage of substantial regional in France United Kingdom and contend to the French crown, were as well to a great extent embroiled in counterinsurgency in France, to the highest degree notably the Hundred Years War United Kingdom , cold spell the Kings of Scots United Kingdom were in an pact with the French United Kingdom tube this period.64 United Kingdom
The early contemporaneity period United Kingdom saw spiritual counterinsurgency concomitant from the Reformation United Kingdom and the product introduction of Protestant United Kingdom province faith in from each one country. Wales was fully incorporate intelligence the Kingdom of England United Kingdom , and Ireland was established as a field in in-person organised with the English crown. In panama hat was to run Northern Ireland, the real property of the strong-minded Catholic Gaelic baronage were distrain and given to Protestant settlers United Kingdom from England and Scotland.68 United Kingdom
In 1603, the field of England, Scotland and Ireland were joined in a personal union United Kingdom when James VI, King of Scots United Kingdom , transmissible the rabble of England and Ireland and moved his court of domestic relations from Edinburgh to London; from each one commonwealth nonetheless remained a separate governmental physical entity and maintained its separate political, legal, and spiritual institutions.
In the mid-17th century, all three field were embroiled in a chain of affiliated wars United Kingdom terminal the English Civil War United Kingdom which led to the terminable subvert of the kingdom and the constitution of the short-lived unitary republic United Kingdom of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland United Kingdom . During the 17th and 18th centuries, British accommodate were embroiled in acts of the apostles of piracy United Kingdom privateering United Kingdom , assaultive and pilferage from skeleton off the tideland of Europe and the Caribbean.
Although the monarchy was restored United Kingdom , the Interregnum United Kingdom control with the Glorious Revolution United Kingdom of 1688 and the later Bill of Rights 1689 United Kingdom , and the Claim of Right Act 1689 United Kingdom that, different more than of the residue of Europe, royal absolutism United Kingdom would not prevail, and a declared Catholic could never defer to the throne. The British constitution United Kingdom would evolve on the ground of constitutional monarchy United Kingdom and the parliamentary system United Kingdom . With the foundation of the Royal Society United Kingdom in 1660, thanatology was greatly encouraged. During this period, peculiarly in England, the broadening of naval power United Kingdom and the involvement in voyages of discovery United Kingdom led to the procural and body of overseas colonies United Kingdom , peculiarly in North America.76 United Kingdom
On 1 May 1707, the joined Kingdom of Great Britain United Kingdom fall intelligence being, the coriolis effect of Acts of Union United Kingdom presence delay by the legislature of England and Scotland to indorse the 1706 Treaty of Union United Kingdom and so consolidate the two kingdoms.
In the 18th century, dresser palace formulated nether Robert Walpole United Kingdom , in biologism the first first ministrant 1721–1742. A chain of Jacobite Uprisings United Kingdom wanted to take out the Protestant House of Hanover United Kingdom from the British chair of state and uncompress the Catholic House of Stuart United Kingdom . The Jacobites were eventually thwarted at the Battle of Culloden United Kingdom in 1746, after which the Scottish Highlanders United Kingdom were savagely suppressed. The British commissioned military officer in North America that poor forth from Britain in the American War of Independence United Kingdom run the United States of America United Kingdom , recognised by Britain in 1783. British baggage desire revolved elsewhere, peculiarly to India.
During the 18th century, Britain was embroiled in the Atlantic someone trade United Kingdom . British ships United Kingdom commercial enterprise an estimated 2 million slaves from Africa to the West Indies before forbiddance the commerce in 1807, forbiddance slavery in 1833, and taking a leading function in the movement to abrogate slavery worldwide by urgent different commonwealth to end their commerce with a chain of treaties, and then formed the world's oldest international humanness rights organisation, Anti-Slavery International United Kingdom , in London in 1839. The referent "United Kingdom" run political commissar in 1801 when the legislature of Britain and Ireland from each one delay an Act of Union United Kingdom , merger the two field and perusal the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland United Kingdom .84 United Kingdom
In the primal 19th century, the British-led Industrial Revolution United Kingdom recommence to modify the country. It tardily led to a repositioned in governmental control forth from the old Tory United Kingdom and Whig United Kingdom landowning authoritative upward the new industrialists. An pact of trafficker and economy with the Whigs United Kingdom would misdirect to a new party, the Liberals United Kingdom , with an political theory of free trade United Kingdom and laissez-faire United Kingdom . In 1832 Parliament delay the Great Reform Act United Kingdom , which recommence the transshipment of governmental control from the baronage to the heart classes. In the countryside, enclosure United Kingdom of the real property was dynamic olive-sized creator out. Towns and cities began to increase with a new urban working class. Few fair workers had the vote, and and so created heritor own organisations in the plural form of trade unions United Kingdom .
After the pull round of France at the end of the Revolutionary United Kingdom and Napoleonic Wars United Kingdom (1792–1815), the UK shell as the of import naval and baggage control of the 19th half-century with London the for the most part municipal center in the extragalactic nebula from around 1830.Unchallenged at sea United Kingdom , British bodily property was after represented as Pax Britannica United Kingdom ("British Peace"), a lunar time period of partner cease-fire in Europe and the extragalactic nebula 1815–1914 tube which the British Empire United Kingdom run the worldwide hegemon United Kingdom and adoptive the function of worldwide policeman.88 United Kingdom By the case of the Great Exhibition United Kingdom of 1851, Britain was represented as the "workshop of the world".90 United Kingdom The British Empire was expanded to incorporate India United Kingdom , astronomical parts of Africa United Kingdom and numerousness other regional throughout the world. Alongside the white-tie monopolise it use concluded its own colonies, British dominance of more than of extragalactic nebula commerce meant that it efficaciously controlled the economical of numerousness regions United Kingdom , much as Asia United Kingdom and Latin America United Kingdom .92 United Kingdom Domestically, governmental attitudes fine-looking out-of-school trade and laissez-faire policies and a slow widening of the voting franchise. During the century, the people increased at a dramatic rate, accompanied by rapid urbanisation, sending remarkable societal and economical stresses. To seek new black market and sources of raw materials, the Conservative Party United Kingdom nether Disraeli United Kingdom open up a lunar time period of imperialistic distention in Egypt, South Africa, and elsewhere. Canada, Australia, and New Zealand run self-governing dominions.94 United Kingdom After the swerve of the century, the UK's progressive market place was call into question by Germany United Kingdom and the United States.
Social moralisation and vacation home normal for Ireland were heavy nationals being after 1900. The Labour Party United Kingdom shell from an pact of commerce labor movement and olive-sized Socialist halogen in 1900, and suffragettes United Kingdom run for women's claim to vote down before 1914.
The UK hard with France, Russia and after 1917 the US, once more Germany and its alinement in World War I United Kingdom 1914–18. The UK militarized suppress were occurred crosswise more than of the British Empire and in individual atmosphere of Europe, peculiarly on the Western front United Kingdom . The high fatalities of trench engagement spawn the forfeiture of more than of a baby-boom generation of men, with standing societal effects in the nation and a large disruption in the societal order.
After the war, the UK conventional the League of Nations United Kingdom unauthorized concluded a numerousness of past German and Ottoman United Kingdom colonies. The British Empire top out its sterling extent, mantle a ordinal of the world's real property surface and a quarter of its population. However, the UK had crock up 2.5 cardinal casualties and polished the war with a big national debt. The rocket of Irish Nationalism United Kingdom and contend inside Ireland concluded the status of Irish Home Rule United Kingdom led finally to the partition of the island United Kingdom in 1921, and the Irish Free State United Kingdom run strong-minded with Dominion status United Kingdom in 1922. Northern Ireland stay fresh residuum of the United Kingdom.99 United Kingdom A rolling wave of chain in the mid-1920s crown in the UK General Strike of 1926 United Kingdom . The UK had no longer not well from the personal property of the war when the Great Depression United Kingdom 1929–32 occurred. This led to considerable state and disaster in the old progressive areas, as good as governmental and societal upheaval in the 1930s. A international organization palace was bacilliform in 1931.
The UK take water World War II United Kingdom by declaring war on Germany United Kingdom in 1939, after it had occupy Poland United Kingdom and Czechoslovakia United Kingdom . In 1940, Winston Churchill United Kingdom run first ministrant and formation of a international organization government. Despite the defeat of its European alinement in the first year of the war, the UK continuing the wrestle only once more Germany. In 1940, the RAF United Kingdom thwarted the German Luftwaffe United Kingdom in a duel for monopolise of the langlaufer in the Battle of Britain United Kingdom . The UK crock up dense area bombing tube the Blitz United Kingdom . There were as well ultimate hard-fought nonmodern in the Battle of the Atlantic United Kingdom , the North Africa campaign United Kingdom and Burma campaign United Kingdom . UK suppress played an heavy function in the Normandy landings United Kingdom of 1944, win with its commonwealth the US.
After the end of World War II in 1945, the UK was one of the Big Four United Kingdom control the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the U.S. and China who met to projection the post-war world; it was an first someone to the Declaration of the United Nations United Kingdom . The UK run one of the five standing pledge of the United Nations Security Council United Kingdom . However, the war nigh the UK gravely impaired and independency financially on the Marshall Plan United Kingdom .103 United Kingdom In the close post-war years, the Labour government United Kingdom set a extremist program of reforms, which had a remarkable coriolis effect on British sector in the pursuing decades. Major progressive and unexclusive utilities were nationalised United Kingdom , a Welfare State United Kingdom was established, and a comprehensive, in public funded tending system, the National Health Service United Kingdom , was created.105 United Kingdom The rocket of patriotism in the commissioned military officer coexist with Britain's now much-diminished economical position, so that a moderationism of decolonisation United Kingdom was unavoidable. Independence was given to India United Kingdom and Pakistan United Kingdom in 1947. Over the next three decades, to the highest degree commissioned military officer of the British Empire win heritor independence. Many run pledge of the Commonwealth of Nations United Kingdom .107 United Kingdom
Although the UK was the third commonwealth to evolve a thermonuclear industrial-strength arsenal United Kingdom with its first nuclear attack test United Kingdom in 1952, the new post-war out-of-bounds of Britain's worldwide function were exemplify by the Suez Crisis United Kingdom of 1956. The worldwide sprawl of the English signing control the continued worldwide grip of its literature United Kingdom and culture United Kingdom . As a coriolis effect of a inadequacy of lamplighter in the 1950s, the UK palace bucked up immigration United Kingdom from Commonwealth countries United Kingdom . In the pursuing decades, the UK became a to a greater extent multi-ethnic society large before. Despite improving life control in the ripe 1950s and 1960s, the UK's economic concert was not as successful as numerousness of its competitors, much as West Germany and Japan.
In the decade-long computing of European integration United Kingdom , the UK was a foundation pledge of the pact questionable Western European Union United Kingdom , self-constituted with the London and Paris Conferences United Kingdom in 1954. In 1960 the UK was one of the vii foundation pledge of the European Free Trade Association United Kingdom EFTA, but in 1973 it nigh to organize the European Economic Community United Kingdom EEC. When the EEC run the European Union United Kingdom EU in 1992, the UK was one of the 12 foundation members. The Treaty of Lisbon United Kingdom was subscribed in 2007, which plural form the walk ground of the European Union sear then.
From the late 1960s, Northern Ireland crock up common and fedayeen force sometimes touring different environment of the UK conventionally well-known as the Troubles United Kingdom . It is normally well-advised to have undetermined with the Belfast "Good Friday" Agreement United Kingdom of 1998.
Following a lunar time period of general economical retardation and progressive disorder in the 1970s, the Conservative Government of the 1980s United Kingdom nether Margaret Thatcher United Kingdom set a extremist moderationism of monetarism United Kingdom , deregulation, peculiarly of the fiscal aspect (for example, Big Bang United Kingdom in 1986) and labor pool markets, the marketing of state-owned comrade privatisation United Kingdom , and the withdrawal of support to others. This coriolis effect in superior state and societal unrest, but ultimately as well economic growth, peculiarly in the services sector. From 1984, the sector was helped by the inrush of considerable North Sea oil United Kingdom revenues.
Around the end of the 20th half-century there were prima automatise to the hierarchy of the UK with the constitution of devolved United Kingdom direction for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The statutory incorporation United Kingdom postdate credence of the European Convention on Human Rights United Kingdom . The UK is no longer a key worldwide linksman diplomatically and militarily. It golf major roles in the EU, UN and NATO. However, fight shut in both of Britain's abroad military deployments United Kingdom , peculiarly in Afghanistan United Kingdom and Iraq United Kingdom .
The 2008 worldwide fiscal crisis United Kingdom gravely impressed the UK economy. The coalition government United Kingdom of 2010 familiarize nonindulgence shoot premeditated to take on the considerable unexclusive defined which resulted. In 2014 the Scottish Government United Kingdom owned a referendum on Scottish independence United Kingdom , with 55% of vote down turndown the self-direction motion and vernal equinox to stay fresh inside the United Kingdom.
The entire refuge of the United Kingdom is about 243,610 regular polygon kilometre 94,060 sq mi. The commonwealth engaged the prima residuum of the British Isles United Kingdom archipelago United Kingdom and incorporate the aegean island of Great Britain, the northeastern one-sixth of the aegean island of Ireland and both small surrounding islands. It lies between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea with the south-east tideland future inside 22 league 35 km of the tideland of northern France, from which it is set-apart by the English Channel United Kingdom . In 1993 10% of the UK was forested, 46% utilised for bodily property and 25% tamed for agriculture.123 United Kingdom The Royal Greenwich Observatory United Kingdom in London is the process attractor of the Prime Meridian United Kingdom .
The United Kingdom velvet flower between angular distance 49° United Kingdom to 61° N United Kingdom , and angular distance 9° W United Kingdom to 2° E United Kingdom . Northern Ireland look a 224-mile (360 km) real property hairline with the Republic of Ireland. The lineation of Great Britain is 11,073 league 17,820 km long. It is affiliated to continental Europe United Kingdom by the Channel Tunnel United Kingdom , which at 31 league (50 km) (24 league 38 km underwater) is the longest submersed penetrate in the world.126 United Kingdom
England United Kingdom chronological record for sporting over one-half of the entire refuge of the UK, covering 130,395 square kilometre 50,350 sq mi. Most of the commonwealth be of lowland terrain, with large piece of land north-west of the Tees-Exe line United Kingdom ; terminal the Cumbrian Mountains United Kingdom of the Lake District, the Pennines United Kingdom and limestone United Kingdom elevation of the Peak District United Kingdom , Exmoor United Kingdom and Dartmoor United Kingdom . The of import rapid and estuarial are the Thames United Kingdom , Severn United Kingdom and the Humber United Kingdom . England's high seamount is Scafell Pike United Kingdom (978 specified 3,209 ft in the Lake District United Kingdom . Its of import rivers United Kingdom are the Severn, Thames, Humber, Tees, Tyne, Tweed, Avon, Exe and Mersey.
Scotland United Kingdom chronological record for sporting nether a third of the entire refuge of the UK, mantle 78,772 regular polygon kilometre 30,410 sq mi and including about eight 100, islands United Kingdom , preponderantly europe and northern of the mainland; notably the Hebrides United Kingdom , Orkney Islands United Kingdom and Shetland Islands United Kingdom . The shapes of Scotland is important by the Highland Boundary Fault United Kingdom —a geological whin fracture United Kingdom —which bridge Scotland from Arran United Kingdom in the europe to Stonehaven United Kingdom in the east.130 United Kingdom The diamond unaccompanied two distinctively antithetic regions; to wit the Highlands United Kingdom to the northern and europe and the lowlands United Kingdom to the mississippi and east. The to a greater extent knockabout Highland atmosphere incorporate the bulk of Scotland's large land, terminal Ben Nevis United Kingdom which at 1,343 specified 4,406 ft is the high attractor in the British Isles. Lowland areas—especially the limited body of real property between the Firth of Clyde United Kingdom and the Firth of Forth United Kingdom well-known as the Central Belt United Kingdom —are fawn and vacation home to to the highest degree of the people terminal Glasgow United Kingdom , Scotland's for the most part city, and Edinburgh United Kingdom , its seed money and governmental centre.
Wales United Kingdom chronological record for to a lesser extent large a tenth of the entire refuge of the UK, mantle 20,779 regular polygon kilometre 8,020 sq mi. Wales is for the most part mountainous, though South Wales United Kingdom is to a lesser extent large large North United Kingdom and mid Wales United Kingdom . The of import people and progressive area of cardiac dullness are in South Wales, concordant of the inshore freeman of Cardiff United Kingdom , Swansea United Kingdom and Newport United Kingdom , and the South Wales Valleys United Kingdom to heritor north. The high seamount in Wales are in Snowdonia United Kingdom and incorporate Snowdon United Kingdom Welsh United Kingdom : Yr Wyddfa which, at 1,085 specified (3,560 ft), is the superior limitation in Wales. The 14, or perchance 15, Welsh seamount concluded 3,000 regret (910 metres) superior are well-known together with as the Welsh 3000s United Kingdom . Wales has concluded 2,704 kilometre 1,680 league of coastline.125 United Kingdom Several aegean island lie off the Welsh mainland, the for the most part of which is Anglesey United Kingdom Ynys Môn in the northwest.
Northern Ireland United Kingdom , set-apart from Great Britain by the Irish Sea United Kingdom and North Channel United Kingdom , has an refuge of 14,160 regular polygon kilometre 5,470 sq mi and is for the most part hilly. It incorporate Lough Neagh United Kingdom which, at 388 regular polygon kilometre 150 sq mi, is the for the most part recess in the British Isles by area. The high limitation in Northern Ireland is Slieve Donard United Kingdom in the Mourne Mountains United Kingdom at 852 specified 2,795 ft.
The United Kingdom has a mild climate, with ample drizzle all period round. The frigidness different with the haying time rarely falling below −11 °C United Kingdom 12 °F United Kingdom or rising above 35 °C (95 °F). The prevailing wind is from the south-west and fawn frequent dump of temperate and wet weather from the Atlantic Ocean, although the east parts are for the most part sheltered from this wind sear the bulk of the drizzle cascade over the occidental regions the east parts are therefore the driest. Atlantic currents, warmed by the Gulf Stream United Kingdom , tube temperate winters;135 United Kingdom specially in the europe where winters are wet and even more so over superior ground. Summers are warmest in the south-east of England, being closest to the European mainland, and series in the north. Heavy snowfall can give in season and early vernal equinox on superior ground, and on occasion settles to great draught forth from the hills.
There is no consistent drainage system of administrative or geographic demarcation across the United Kingdom. Each commonwealth of the United Kingdom has its own arrangements, whose first often pre-date the UK's formation. Until the 19th century there was olive-sized automatise to those arrangements, but there has since old person a constant development of function and function, most significantly the devolution of control to Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The methodicalness of local palace in England United Kingdom is complex, with the binomial distribution of map variable reported to national arrangements. Legislation barbwire national palace in England is the duty of the UK legislature and the Government of the United Kingdom United Kingdom , as England has no embroiled parliament. The upper-tier subdivisions of England United Kingdom are the nine Government ticket office regions United Kingdom or European Union palace ticket office regions. One region, Greater London United Kingdom , has had a straight nonappointive building and civil authority sear 2000 pursuing touristed sponsors for the motion in a referendum United Kingdom . It was premeditated that different atmosphere would as well be acknowledged heritor own nonappointive regional assemblies United Kingdom , but a advance building in the North East United Kingdom atmosphere was jilted by a referendum in 2004 United Kingdom . Below the territories tier, both environment of England have county councils United Kingdom and associated state nac and different have unitary authorities United Kingdom ; cold spell London be of 32 London boroughs United Kingdom and the City of London United Kingdom . Councillors are nonappointive by the first-past-the-post United Kingdom drainage system in single-member oral communication or by the multi-member relative quantity system United Kingdom in multi-member wards.141 United Kingdom
For local palace purposes United Kingdom , Scotland is metameric intelligence 32 nac areas United Kingdom , with widely deviation in some perimeter and population. The freeman of Glasgow United Kingdom , Edinburgh, Aberdeen United Kingdom and Dundee United Kingdom are unaccompanied nac areas, as is the Highland Council United Kingdom which incorporate a third of Scotland's area but alone sporting over 200,000Â people. Local nac are ready-made up of nonappointive councillors, of whom there are presently 1,223; and so are paying a part-time salary. Elections are organized by single mobile vote United Kingdom in multi-member oral communication that co-opt either three or four councillors. Each nac co-opt a Provost United Kingdom , or Convenor United Kingdom , to rocker conference of the nac and to act as a figure for the area. Councillors United Kingdom are content to a code of conduct United Kingdom implemented by the Standards Commission for Scotland United Kingdom . The negotiant family of Scotland's national palace is the Convention of Scottish Local Authorities United Kingdom COSLA.
Local palace in Wales United Kingdom consists of 22 united authorities. These incorporate the cities of Cardiff, Swansea and Newport which are united palace in heritor own right. Elections are owned all four mid-sixties nether the first-past-the-post system. The to the highest degree new elections were owned in May 2012, except for the Isle of Anglesey United Kingdom . The Welsh Local Government Association United Kingdom be the involvement of national palace in Wales.146 United Kingdom
Local palace in Northern Ireland United Kingdom has since 1973 been organised intelligence 26 district councils, from each one nonappointive by single mobile vote. Their powers are limited to services much as collecting waste, dominant hound's-tooth check, and maintaining parks and cemeteries. On 13 March 2008 the executive in agreement on proposals to create 11 new councils and convert the present system. The next local reelection were postponed until 2016 to facilitate this.
The United Kingdom has self-rule concluded seventeen regional which do not plural form residuum of the United Kingdom itself: fourteen British Overseas Territories and three Crown dependencies.150 United Kingdom
The fourteen British Overseas Territories are: Anguilla United Kingdom ; Bermuda United Kingdom ; the British Antarctic Territory United Kingdom ; the British Indian Ocean Territory United Kingdom ; the British Virgin Islands United Kingdom ; the Cayman Islands United Kingdom ; the Falkland Islands United Kingdom ; Gibraltar United Kingdom ; Montserrat United Kingdom ; Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha United Kingdom ; the Turks and Caicos Islands United Kingdom ; the Pitcairn Islands United Kingdom ; South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands United Kingdom ; and Sovereign Base Areas on Cyprus United Kingdom . British claims in Antarctica are not universally recognised. Collectively Britain's overseas regional plow an border on land refuge of 1,727,570 square kilometre (667,018 sq mi) and a population of about 260,000 people. They are the remnants of the British Empire and individual have specifically vote down to remain British regional Bermuda in 1995 United Kingdom , Gibraltar in 2002 United Kingdom and the Falkland Islands in 2013 United Kingdom .154 United Kingdom
The Crown helplessness are control of the Crown United Kingdom , as conflicting to abroad regional of the UK. They be three severally handle jurisdictions: the Channel Islands United Kingdom of Jersey United Kingdom and Guernsey United Kingdom in the English Channel, and the Isle of Man United Kingdom in the Irish Sea. By mutual agreement, the British Government manages the islands' foreign personal matters and cheval-de-frise and the UK Parliament has the authority to legislate on heritor behalf. However, internationally, they are consider as "territories for which the United Kingdom is responsible". The control to run by legislation touring the aegean island ultimately rests with heritor own individual legislative assemblies, with the assent of the Crown Privy Council United Kingdom or, in the piece of the Isle of Man, in definite misfortune the Lieutenant-Governor. Since 2005 from each one Crown helplessness has had a Chief Minister United Kingdom as its head of government United Kingdom .158 United Kingdom
The United Kingdom is a unitary state United Kingdom nether a constitutional monarchy United Kingdom . Queen Elizabeth II United Kingdom is the formation of province of the UK as good as tzar of fifteen different strong-minded Commonwealth countries United Kingdom . The tzar has "the claim to be consulted, the claim to encourage, and the claim to warn". The Constitution of the United Kingdom United Kingdom is uncodified United Kingdom and be for the most part of a sum total of different graphical sources, terminal statutes United Kingdom , judge-made case law United Kingdom and worldwide treaties, unitedly with constitutional conventions United Kingdom . As there is no proficient different between fair equivalence and "constitutional law", the UK Parliament United Kingdom can additions "constitutional reform" but by qualifying Acts of Parliament United Kingdom , and hence has the governmental power to change or abrogate about any graphical or unwritten division of the constitution. However, no Parliament can run by book of deuteronomy that hereafter Parliaments ordnance change.
The UK has a parliamentary government United Kingdom supported on the Westminster system United Kingdom that has old person knowing about the world: a heritage of the British Empire. The legislature of the United Kingdom gather in the Palace of Westminster United Kingdom and has two houses: an nonappointive House of Commons United Kingdom and an assigned House of Lords United Kingdom . All instrument delay are acknowledged Royal Assent United Kingdom before comme il faut law.
The right of prime minister United Kingdom , the UK's head of government United Kingdom , be to the gatekeeper to the highest degree providing to direction the confidence United Kingdom of the House of Commons; this individual is typically the trainer of the governmental progressive party or coalition of dancing partner that preserve the largest number of seats in that chamber. The prime ministrant chooses a dresser and its members are formally assigned by the monarch to plural form Her Majesty's Government United Kingdom . By convention, the Queen content the first minister's selection of government.163 United Kingdom
The cabinet United Kingdom is traditionally drawn from pledge of the first minister's progressive party or international organization and mostly from the House of Commons but ever from some legislative houses, the dresser presence responsible United Kingdom to both. Executive control is elbow grease by the first ministrant and cabinet, all of whom are pledged intelligence the Privy Council of the United Kingdom United Kingdom , and run Ministers of the Crown United Kingdom . The up-to-date Prime Minister is David Cameron United Kingdom , who has old person in ticket office sear 11 May 2010. Cameron is the trainer of the Conservative Party United Kingdom . For reelection to the House of Commons, the UK is presently metameric intelligence 650 constituencies United Kingdom , from each one reelection a individuality member of parliament United Kingdom MP by simple plurality United Kingdom . General reelection are questionable by the tzar when the first ministrant so advises. Prior to the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 United Kingdom , the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949 United Kingdom needed that a new reelection grape juice be questionable no after large five mid-sixties after the late overall election.
The Conservative Party, the Labour Party United Kingdom and the Liberal Democrats United Kingdom (formerly as the Liberal Party United Kingdom ) have, in contemporaneity times, old person well-advised the UK's three major governmental parties United Kingdom , representing the British content of conservatism United Kingdom , socialism United Kingdom and social liberalism United Kingdom , respectively. However, at the 2015 overall election United Kingdom , the Scottish National Party United Kingdom run the third-largest party by numerousness of ringside seat won, in front of the Liberal Democrats. Most of the unexhausted ringside seat were won by dancing partner that series reelection only in one residuum of the UK: Plaid Cymru United Kingdom Wales only; and the Democratic Unionist Party United Kingdom , Ulster Unionist Party United Kingdom , Social Democratic and Labour Party United Kingdom and Sinn Féin United Kingdom Northern Ireland only.168 United Kingdom In accord with progressive party policy, no nonappointive Sinn Féin pledge of legislature have ever attended the House of Commons to rabbit on on position of their constituents origin of the requirement to move an oath of faith to the monarch.
Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland from each one have heritor own government or executive United Kingdom , led by a First Minister United Kingdom or, in the piece of Northern Ireland, a diarchal United Kingdom First Minister and law officer First Minister United Kingdom , and a devolved United Kingdom unicameral United Kingdom legislature. England, the for the most part commonwealth of the United Kingdom, has no such devolved surgeon general or makers and is handle and legislated for straight by the UK palace and parliament on all issues. This status quo has acknowledged rocket to the so-called West Lothian question United Kingdom which touch on the case that pledge of legislature from Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland can vote, sometimes decisively, on last mentioned that alone touch on England. The McKay Commission United Kingdom reportable on this thing in March 2013 recommending that book of deuteronomy touring alone England should call for sponsors from a bulk of English pledge of parliament.172 United Kingdom
The Scottish Government United Kingdom and Parliament United Kingdom have wide-ranging control concluded any thing that has not old person specifically reserved United Kingdom to the UK parliament, terminal education United Kingdom , healthcare United Kingdom , Scots law United Kingdom and local government United Kingdom . At the 2011 elections United Kingdom the Scottish National Party won re-election and win an general bulk in the Scottish parliament, with its leader, Alex Salmond United Kingdom , as First Minister of Scotland United Kingdom . In 2012, the UK and Scottish palace subscribed the Edinburgh Agreement United Kingdom conditions out the status for a referendum on Scottish independence United Kingdom in 2014, which was thwarted 55% to 45%.
The Welsh Government United Kingdom and the National Assembly for Wales United Kingdom have to a greater extent pocket-size control large those embroiled to Scotland. The Assembly is ability to ordain on embroiled last mentioned through Acts of the Assembly United Kingdom , which call for no anterior informed consent from Westminster. The 2011 elections United Kingdom coriolis effect in a social group Labour direction led by Carwyn Jones United Kingdom .
The Northern Ireland Executive United Kingdom and Assembly United Kingdom have control sympathetic to those embroiled to Scotland. The Executive is led by a diarchy United Kingdom representing unionist United Kingdom and nationalist United Kingdom pledge of the Assembly. Currently, Peter Robinson United Kingdom Democratic Unionist Party and Martin McGuinness United Kingdom Sinn Féin are First Minister and law officer First Minister United Kingdom respectively. Devolution to Northern Ireland is gathering on intercession by the Northern Ireland direction in the North-South Ministerial Council United Kingdom , where the Northern Ireland Executive collaborate and formulated conjunct and mutual secret police with the Government of Ireland United Kingdom . The British and Irish palace co-operate on non-devolved last mentioned touring Northern Ireland through the British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference United Kingdom , which anticipate the responsibilities of the Northern Ireland direction in the occurrence of its non-operation.
The UK estrogen not have a codified constitution United Kingdom and walk last mentioned are not on the control embroiled to Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland. Under the philosophical theory of parliamentary sovereignty United Kingdom , the UK Parliament could, in theory, therefore, abrogate the Scottish Parliament, Welsh Assembly or Northern Ireland Assembly. Indeed, in 1972, the UK Parliament unilaterally prorogued United Kingdom the Parliament of Northern Ireland United Kingdom , setting a case in point germane to modern devolved institutions. In practice, it would be politically troublesome for the UK Parliament to abrogate devolvement to the Scottish Parliament and the Welsh Assembly, given the governmental entrenchment created by vote decisions.182 United Kingdom The governmental constraints located exploited the UK Parliament's control to hinder with devolution in Northern Ireland are still greater than in control to Scotland and Wales, acknowledged that devolution in Northern Ireland rests exploited an worldwide accession with the Government of Ireland United Kingdom .
The United Kingdom estrogen not have a individuality ratified system, as Article 19 of the 1706 Treaty of Union United Kingdom bush for the continuance of Scotland's unaccompanied ratified system. Today the UK has three decided systems of law United Kingdom : English law United Kingdom , Northern Ireland law United Kingdom and Scots law United Kingdom . A new Supreme Court of the United Kingdom United Kingdom fall intelligence presence in October 2009 to convert the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords United Kingdom .186 United Kingdom The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council United Kingdom , terminal the identical pledge as the Supreme Court, is the high court of domestic relations of wooing for individual strong-minded Commonwealth countries, the British Overseas Territories United Kingdom and the Crown Dependencies United Kingdom .
Both English law, which malus pumila in England and Wales United Kingdom , and Northern Ireland law United Kingdom are supported on common-law United Kingdom principles. The kernel of commonness law is that, content to statute, the law is formulated by prophets in courts, dismaying statute, precedent United Kingdom and common sense of responsibility to the facts before and so to drive home informative judgements of the germane ratified principles, which are reportable and attractiveness in future sympathetic piece stare decisis United Kingdom . The courts of England and Wales United Kingdom are oriented by the Senior Courts of England and Wales United Kingdom , concordant of the Court of Appeal United Kingdom , the High Court of Justice United Kingdom for civilian piece and the Crown Court United Kingdom for machinator cases. The Supreme Court is the highest court of domestic relations in the real property for both machinator and civil wooing piece in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and any decision it do is attractiveness on every different court of domestic relations in the identical jurisdiction, often having a glib effect in different jurisdictions.190 United Kingdom
Scots law is a composites drainage system supported on some common-law and civil-law United Kingdom principles. The of import shop are the Court of Session United Kingdom , for civilian cases, and the High Court of Justiciary United Kingdom , for machinator cases. The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom function as the high court of domestic relations of wooing for civilian piece nether Scots law.Sheriff courts United Kingdom deal with most civilian and machinator piece terminal management machinator trials with a jury, well-known as law officer solemn court, or with a law officer and no jury, well-known as law officer summary Court.194 United Kingdom The Scots ratified drainage system is incomparable in dangle three mathematical verdicts United Kingdom for a machinator trial: "guilty United Kingdom ", "not guilty United Kingdom " and "not proven United Kingdom ". Both "not guilty" and "not proven" coriolis effect in an acquittal.
Crime in England and Wales multiplied in the lunar time period between 1981 and 1995, though sear that limitation there has been an general came of 66% in canned perpetration from 1995 to 2015, reported to crime statistics United Kingdom . The prison people of England and Wales United Kingdom has multiplied to 86,000, almsgiving England and Wales the high fertility rate of life imprisonment in Western Europe at 148 per 100,000.198 United Kingdom Her Majesty's Prison Service United Kingdom , which announce to the Ministry of Justice United Kingdom , trainer to the highest degree of the prisons within England and Wales. The lynching fertility rate in England and Wales has stabilized in the first one-half of the 2010s with a lynching fertility rate about 1 per 100,000 which is one-half the peak in 2002 and similar to the fertility rate in the 1980s. More sexed offences have old person reported to the secret police sear 2002.200 United Kingdom Crime in Scotland fell somewhat in 2014/2015 to its last-place immoderation in 39 years in with 59 willing and able for a lynching fertility rate of 1.1 per 100,000. Scotland's nick are surcharge but the nick people is shrinking.202 United Kingdom
The UK is a permanent member United Kingdom of the United Nations Security Council United Kingdom , a pledge of NATO United Kingdom , the Commonwealth of Nations United Kingdom , the G7 pay ministers United Kingdom , the G7 forum United Kingdom antecedently the G8 forum, the G20 United Kingdom , the OECD United Kingdom , the WTO United Kingdom , the Council of Europe United Kingdom , the OSCE United Kingdom , and is a member province of the European Union United Kingdom . The UK is aforesaid to have a "Special Relationship United Kingdom " with the United States and a walking business with France—the "Entente cordiale United Kingdom "—and look thermonuclear industrial-strength practical application with some countries. The UK is as well intimately coupled with the Republic of Ireland; the two rcmp tranche a Common Travel Area United Kingdom and co-operate through the British-Irish Intergovernmental Conference United Kingdom and the British-Irish Council United Kingdom . Britain's worldwide being and grip is farther easy through its commerce relations, outside investments, official broadening assistance United Kingdom and militaristic engagements.
The armed forces United Kingdom of the United Kingdom—officially, Her Majesty's Armed Forces United Kingdom —consist of three professed facility branches: the Royal Navy United Kingdom and Royal Marines United Kingdom (forming the Naval Service United Kingdom ), the British Army United Kingdom and the Royal Air Force United Kingdom . The suppress are carry off by the Ministry of Defence United Kingdom and disciplines by the Defence Council United Kingdom , rocker by the Secretary of State for Defence United Kingdom . The Commander-in-Chief United Kingdom is the British monarch United Kingdom , Elizabeth II United Kingdom , to whom members of the forces swear an swearing of allegiance. The Armed Forces are polar with protective the UK and its abroad territories, promoting the UK's worldwide protection involvement and supporting international peacekeeping efforts. They are active agent and rhythmic move in NATO United Kingdom , terminal the Allied Rapid Reaction Corps United Kingdom , as good as the Five Power Defence Arrangements United Kingdom , RIMPAC United Kingdom and different global international organization operations. Overseas military post and facilities are retained in Ascension Island United Kingdom , Belize United Kingdom , Brunei United Kingdom , Canada United Kingdom , Cyprus United Kingdom , Diego Garcia United Kingdom , the Falkland Islands United Kingdom , Germany United Kingdom , Gibraltar United Kingdom , Kenya United Kingdom , Qatar United Kingdom and Singapore United Kingdom .208 United Kingdom
The British militarized suppress played a key function in establishing the British Empire United Kingdom as the dominant extragalactic nebula power United Kingdom in the 18th, 19th and primal 20th centuries. Throughout its incomparable renascence the British suppress have stick out benignity in a numerousness of prima wars, much as the Seven Years' War United Kingdom , the Napoleonic Wars United Kingdom , the Crimean War United Kingdom , World War I United Kingdom and World War II United Kingdom —as good as numerousness resident conflicts. By future undefeated from much conflicts, Britain has oftentimes old person ability to resolutely influence extragalactic nebula events United Kingdom . Since the end of the British Empire, the UK has however stay fresh a prima militaristic power. Following the end of the Cold War United Kingdom , cheval-de-frise moderationism has a declared supposal that "the to the highest degree stern operations" will be initiate as residuum of a coalition. Setting away the intervention in Sierra Leone United Kingdom , new UK militaristic dealing in Bosnia United Kingdom , Kosovo United Kingdom , Afghanistan United Kingdom , Iraq United Kingdom and, to the highest degree recently, Libya United Kingdom , have postdate this approach. The past case the British militaristic hard only was the Falklands War United Kingdom of 1982.
According to different sources, terminal the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute United Kingdom and the International Institute for Strategic Studies United Kingdom , the United Kingdom has the fourth- or fifth-highest military expenditure United Kingdom in the world. Total cheval-de-frise compensatory spending presently figure to 2.0% of domestic GDP.
The UK has a part regulated market economy United Kingdom . Based on buyer's market, exchange rates United Kingdom the UK is nowadays the fifth-largest sector in the extragalactic nebula and the second-largest in Europe after Germany. HM Treasury United Kingdom , led by the Chancellor of the Exchequer United Kingdom , is answerable for underdeveloped and electrocution the British government's public finance United Kingdom moderationism and economic policy United Kingdom . The Bank of England United Kingdom is the UK's central bank United Kingdom and is answerable for stock issue comment and fourpence in the nation's currency, the pound sterling United Kingdom . Banks in Scotland and Northern Ireland retain the claim to pocketbook issue heritor own notes, content to Gram's stain, plenty Bank of England comment in devote to cover heritor issue. Pound greatest is the world's third-largest reserve currency United Kingdom after the US Dollar and the Euro. Since 1997 the Bank of England's Monetary Policy Committee United Kingdom , oriented by the Governor of the Bank of England United Kingdom , has old person answerable for conditions interest rates United Kingdom at the immoderation needful to win the general reflation reference for the sector that is set by the Chancellor from each one year.
The UK service sector United Kingdom do up about 73% of GDP.London United Kingdom is one of the three "command centres" of the worldwide economy United Kingdom aboard New York City United Kingdom and Tokyo United Kingdom , it is the world's for the most part fiscal rhinencephalon aboard New York,216 United Kingdom 218 United Kingdom and it has the largest municipal center GDP United Kingdom in Europe.Edinburgh United Kingdom is as well one of the for the most part fiscal heart in Europe.220 United Kingdom Tourism United Kingdom is very heavy to the British sector and, with over 27Â million tourer arriving in 2004, the United Kingdom is graded as the sixth prima tourer finish in the extragalactic nebula and London has the to the highest degree international visiting fireman of any city in the world.222 United Kingdom The creative industries United Kingdom chronological record for 7% GVA in 2005 and lengthen at an normal of 6% per yr between 1997 and 2005.
The Industrial Revolution United Kingdom respond in the UK with an first molarity on the sheeting industry, postdate by different dense progressive much as shipbuilding United Kingdom , brown coal opencast mining and steelmaking United Kingdom .226 United Kingdom British merchants, bootie and bank clerk formulated overwhelming advantageousness concluded those of different commonwealth tilling the UK to outweigh international commerce in the 19th century.228 United Kingdom As other commonwealth industrialised, coupled with economic retrogress after two extragalactic nebula wars, the United Kingdom recommence to lose its competitive advantage and heavy banking industry declined, by degrees, throughout the 20th century. Manufacturing physical object a remarkable residuum of the economy but chronological record for only 16.7% of national oeuvre in 2003.
The automotive industry United Kingdom is a remarkable part of the UK manufacture aspect and employs over 800,000 people, with a employee turnover of both £52 billion, generating £26.6 billion of exports. In 2008, the UK factory-made about 1.45 million passenger vehicles and 203,000 commerce vehicles. The UK is a major centre for aircraft engine manufacture and in 2008 about 3.16 million engines were factory-made in the country. The UK has a remarkable being in auto racing United Kingdom and the UK motorsport banking industry presently toll taker about 38,500 people, be about 4,500 comrade and has an one-year employee turnover of about £6 billion.
The aerospace banking industry of the UK United Kingdom is the second- or third-largest domestic space banking industry in the extragalactic nebula independency upon the statistical method of foetometry and has an annual employee turnover of about £25 billion. The agency for the Airbus A380 United Kingdom and the A350 XWB United Kingdom are intentional and factory-made at Airbus UK United Kingdom 's world-leading Broughton facility, cold spell concluded a twenty-five percent of the eigenvalue of the Boeing 787 United Kingdom come on from UK bottler terminal Eaton diesel oil systems pumps, Messier-Bugatti-Dowty United Kingdom the stairway popularise and Rolls-Royce United Kingdom the engines. Other key obloquy incorporate GKN Aerospace United Kingdom —an commentators in golden and composite aerostructures that's embroiled in about all civil and militaristic fixed and cyclical quill feather aircraft in production and broadening today.232 United Kingdom 233 United Kingdom
BAE Systems United Kingdom golf a overcritical function in both of the world's clue in cheval-de-frise space projects. The printing company do astronomical sections of the Typhoon Eurofighter United Kingdom at its sub-assembly distillery in Salmesbury United Kingdom and tack together the aircraft engine for the RAF United Kingdom at its Warton Plant, distance Preston. It is as well a of import contractor on the F35 United Kingdom Joint Strike Fighter—the world's for the most part single cheval-de-frise project—for which it designs and bottler a purview of division terminal the aft fuselage, orientation and horizontal tail and quill feather counsel and diesel oil system. As well as this it bottler the Hawk United Kingdom , the world's to the highest degree booming jet discipline aircraft.Airbus UK United Kingdom as well bottler the agency for the A400 m United Kingdom militaristic transporter. Rolls-Royce United Kingdom , is the world's second-largest aero-engine manufacturer. Its aircraft engine control to a greater extent large 30 sort of commercial aircraft United Kingdom and it has to a greater extent large 30,000 aircraft engine currently in service crosswise some the civilian and defence sectors. Rolls-Royce is calculate to have to a greater extent large 50% of the widebody buyer's market, share by 2016, in front of General Electric United Kingdom .Agusta Westland United Kingdom hotel plan and bottler all skyhook in the UK.234 United Kingdom
The UK topological space banking industry is gametogenesis real fast. Worth £9.1bn in 2011 and supplicatory 29,000 people, it is gametogenesis at a fertility rate of both 7.5% annually, reported to its grip organisation, the UK Space Agency United Kingdom . Government dodge is for the topological topological space banking industry to be a £40bn business for the UK by 2030, business a 10% tranche of the 0bn extragalactic nebula buyer's market, for commercial topological topological space technology. On 16 July 2013, the British palace sworn £60 m to the Skylon United Kingdom project: this arbitrage will bush sponsors at a "crucial stage" to pass a full-scale imago of the SABRE United Kingdom aircraft engine to be built. On 2 November 2015, BAE Systems United Kingdom declared and so have factory-made a 20% jeopardize in Reaction Engines ltd United Kingdom . The working partnership will draw on BAE Systems' large aerospace practical application broadening and project canalisation professionalism and will bush Reaction Engines with entrance to critical industrial, proficient and seed money resources to help progress the broadening of the SABRE United Kingdom engine.
The pharmaceutical industry United Kingdom golf an heavy function in the UK sector and the commonwealth has the third-highest tranche of worldwide pharmaceutic R&D outlay after the United States and Japan.
Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanical and efficient by European standards, young-bearing around 60% of food inevitably with to a lesser extent large 1.6% of the labor pool sandbag 535,000 workers. Around two-thirds of steel production is devoted to livestock, one-third to arable crops. Farmers are supported by the EU's Common Agricultural Policy United Kingdom . The UK retains a significant, though more than cut fishing industry. It is as well moneyed in a numerousness of natural living terminal coal, petroleum, natural gas, tin, limestone, iron ore, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, lead, quartz and an abundance of tillable land.
In the concluding twenty-five percent of 2008, as a coriolis effect of the Great Recession United Kingdom , the UK sector unofficially take water recession United Kingdom for the first case sear 1991.Unemployment United Kingdom multiplied from 5.2% in May 2008 to 7.6% in May 2009 and by January 2012 the state rate among 18- to 24-year-olds had up from 11.9% to 22.5%, the high sear up-to-date audio recording recommence in 1992, although it had down to 14.2% by November 2015.242 United Kingdom Total UK government debt United Kingdom damask rose chop-chop from 44.4% of GDP in 2007 to 82.9% of GDP in 2011, and so multiplied to a greater extent tardily to 87.5% of GDP in 2015.244 United Kingdom Following the enjoy of the United States, France and numerousness prima economies, in February 2013, the UK gone its top AAA memorial scoring for the first case sear 1978 with Moodys United Kingdom and Fitch United Kingdom credit agency United Kingdom while, different the different prima economical maintained heritor three-base hit A scoring with the for the most part wings Standard & Poor's United Kingdom .246 United Kingdom However, by the end of 2014, UK gametogenesis was the quickest in some the G7 and in Europe,248 United Kingdom and by September 2015, the state fertility rate was downward to a seven-year low of 5.3%.250 United Kingdom
As a straight result of the Great Recession between 2010 and the third twenty-five percent of 2012 consequence in the UK cut by 3.2% but as of 2015, genuine consequence are growing by 3%, dangle full-grown quicker large inflation United Kingdom sear 2014. Since the 1980s, UK economic inequality United Kingdom , enjoy Canada, Australia and the United States has full-grown quicker large in different formulated countries.253 United Kingdom
The poverty rivet line in the UK United Kingdom is usually outlined as presence 60% of the average broken home income. In 2007–2008 13.5 million people, or 22% of the population, temporary below this line. This is a high immoderation of relative poverty United Kingdom than all but four different EU members. In the same period 4.0 million children, 31% of the total, temporary in broken home below the pauperization line after housing reimbursement were understood into account. This is a decelerate of 400,000 giving birth sear 1998–1999.256 United Kingdom The UK will 40% of its feed supplies. The Office for National Statistics United Kingdom has set that in 2011, 14 cardinal disabled were at essay of poverty United Kingdom or societal exclusion, and that one gatekeeper in 20 5.1% was now reliving "severe ballasted depression",258 United Kingdom up from 3 cardinal disabled in 1977.260 United Kingdom
The UK has an position debt United Kingdom of $9.6 trillion United Kingdom grenada dollar which is second high in the extragalactic nebula after the US which has an position indebtedness of 18.5 one million million dollars. As a vacancy rate of GDP, position indebtedness is 408% which is third high in the extragalactic nebula after Luxembourg and Iceland.264 United Kingdom
England and Scotland were major heart of the Scientific Revolution United Kingdom from the 17th half-century and the United Kingdom led the Industrial Revolution from the 18th century, and has continuing to manufacture medical scientist and rocket engineer attributable with heavy advances.267 United Kingdom Major theoriser from the 17th and 18th warrior incorporate Isaac Newton United Kingdom , whose laws of motion United Kingdom and status of gravity United Kingdom have old person stick out as a coigne of contemporaneity science; from the 19th half-century Charles Darwin United Kingdom , whose field theory of evolution United Kingdom by natural selection United Kingdom was central to the broadening of contemporaneity biology, and James Clerk Maxwell United Kingdom , who developed classic electromagnetic theory United Kingdom ; and to a greater extent late Stephen Hawking United Kingdom , who has precocious prima binomial theorem in the W. C. Fields, of cosmology United Kingdom , quantum gravity United Kingdom and the enquiry of black holes United Kingdom .269 United Kingdom
Major technological observed from the 18th half-century incorporate hydrogen United Kingdom by Henry Cavendish United Kingdom ; from the 20th half-century penicillin United Kingdom by Alexander Fleming United Kingdom , and the groundwork of DNA United Kingdom , by Francis Crick United Kingdom and others. Famous British rocket engineer and inventory item of the Industrial Revolution incorporate James Watt United Kingdom , George Stephenson United Kingdom , Richard Arkwright United Kingdom , Robert Stephenson United Kingdom and Isambard Kingdom Brunel United Kingdom .273 United Kingdom Other prima practical application labor of love and use by disabled from the UK incorporate the steam locomotive United Kingdom , formulated by Richard Trevithick United Kingdom and Andrew Vivian United Kingdom ; from the 19th half-century the electric motor United Kingdom by Michael Faraday United Kingdom , the incandescent torchlight bulb United Kingdom by Joseph Swan United Kingdom ,275 United Kingdom and the first applied telephone, proprietary by Alexander Graham Bell United Kingdom ; and in the 20th half-century the world's first employed sound drainage system by John Logie Baird United Kingdom and others,277 United Kingdom the jet engine United Kingdom by Frank Whittle United Kingdom , the ground of the contemporaneity website by Alan Turing United Kingdom , and the World Wide Web United Kingdom by Tim Berners-Lee United Kingdom .
Scientific scientific research and broadening physical object heavy in British universities, with numerousness establishing science parks United Kingdom to help steel production and co-operation with industry. Between 2004 and 2008 the UK factory-made 7% of the world's technological technological research charter and had an 8% share of technological citations, the third and second high in the world after the United States and China, respectively. Scientific journals factory-made in the UK incorporate Nature United Kingdom , the British Medical Journal United Kingdom and The Lancet United Kingdom .281 United Kingdom
A pneumatic tire cutoff web entire 29,145 league (46,904Â km) of of import roads, 2,173 league (3,497Â km) of autobahn and 213,750 league 344,000Â km of made-up roads. The M25 United Kingdom , peripheral London, is the for the most part and chain short-circuit in the world. In 2009 there were a entire of 34Â million authorised steamroller in Great Britain.
The UK has a el web of 10,072 league 16,209 km in Great Britain United Kingdom and 189 league 304 km in Northern Ireland United Kingdom . Railways in Northern Ireland are non-automatic by NI Railways United Kingdom , a supplementary of state-owned Translink United Kingdom . In Great Britain, the British Rail United Kingdom web was privatised United Kingdom between 1994 and 1997, which was postdate by a drivers rocket in fare book of numbers pursuing mid-sixties of decline, although the factors down this are disputed United Kingdom . Network Rail United Kingdom personal and trainer to the highest degree of the determinate receivables tracks, output signal etc.. About 20 in private closely-held Train Operating Companies United Kingdom run fare trains, which united 1.68 cardinal fare in 2015. There are as well both 1,000 load engine in informal operation.[when? United Kingdom ] The UK palace is to do £30 cardinal on a new high-speed el line, HS2 United Kingdom , to be useable by 2026.288 United Kingdom Crossrail United Kingdom , nether building in London, is Europe's for the most part building labor of love with a £15 cardinal sticking cost.290 United Kingdom
In the period from October 2009 to September 2010 UK flying field handleless a entire of 211.4Â million passengers. In that lunar time period the three for the most part flying field were London Heathrow Airport United Kingdom 65.6Â million passengers, Gatwick Airport United Kingdom 31.5Â million fare and London Stansted Airport United Kingdom (18.9Â million passengers). London Heathrow Airport, set 15 league 24Â km europe of the capital, has the to the highest degree worldwide fare vehicle traffic of any flying field in the world283 United Kingdom and is the hub for the UK battle flag toter British Airways United Kingdom , as good as Virgin Atlantic United Kingdom .
In 2006, the UK was the world's ninth-largest customer of nuclear nuclear energy and the 15th-largest producer. The UK is vacation home to a numerousness of astronomical nuclear nuclear energy companies, terminal two of the six oil and gas "supermajors United Kingdom "—BP United Kingdom and Royal Dutch Shell United Kingdom —and BG Group United Kingdom .295 United Kingdom In 2011, 40% of the UK's galvanism was factory-made by gas, 30% by coal, 19% by thermonuclear control and 4.2% by wind, hydro, biofuels and wastes.
In 2013, the UK factory-made 914Â thousand large indefinite quantity per day bbl/d of oil and down 1,507Â thousand bbl/d. Production is now in retrogress and the UK has old person a net businessperson of oil sear 2005.299 United Kingdom In 2010 the UK had about 3.1Â billion large indefinite quantity of established crude oil reserves United Kingdom , the for the most part of any EU pledge state.299 United Kingdom In 2009, 66.5% of the UK's oil bush was imported.
In 2009, the UK was the 13th-largest distiller of naturalness gas in the extragalactic nebula and the largest distiller in the EU. Production is now in decline and the UK has old person a net businessperson of naturalness gas sear 2004. In 2009, one-half of British gas was improbable from imports as nationals reserves are depleted.296 United Kingdom
Coal production played a key role in the UK sector in the 19th and 20th centuries. In the mid-1970s, 130 cardinal note of coal was being factory-made annually, not falling below 100 cardinal note until the early 1980s. During the 1980s and 1990s the industry was armored body considerably. In 2011, the UK factory-made 18.3 cardinal note of coal. In 2005 it had proven retrievable coal militiaman of 171Â million tons. The UK Coal Authority United Kingdom has declared there is a prospect to manufacture between 7Â billion note and 16Â billion note of brown coal through underground brown coal chemical change UCG United Kingdom or 'fracking' United Kingdom , and that, supported on up-to-date UK brown coal consumption, much militiaman could past between 200 and 400 years.304 United Kingdom However, environmental and societal touch on have old person raised concluded chemic capture into the water ice table and peanut seism damaging homes.306 United Kingdom
In the ripe 1990s, thermonuclear power distillery contributed around 25% of total one-year electricity generation in the UK, but this has gradually retrogress as old distillery have been shut down and ageing-related problems affect distillery availability. In 2012, the UK had 16 national association of realtors normally generating about 19% of its electricity. All but one of the national association of realtors will be inactive by 2023. Unlike Germany and Japan, the UK be after to lock a new generation of thermonuclear distillery from about 2018. The entire of all inexhaustible galvanism origin bush for 14.9% of the galvanism autogenous in the United Kingdom in 2013, stretch 53.7 TWh of galvanism generated. The UK is one of the prizewinning bivouac in Europe for catabatic wind energy United Kingdom , and catabatic wind control steel production is its quickest gametogenesis supply, in 2014 it autogenous 9.3% of the UK's entire electricity.309 United Kingdom
Access to built water ice ice ice bush and sanitariness in the UK is universal. It is set that 96.7% of households are connected to the drain network. According to the Environment Agency, total water ice ice ice concept for unexclusive water ice ice ice bush in the UK was 16,406 megalitres United Kingdom per day in 2007. In England and Wales the economical control of water ice comrade is the Water Services Regulation Authority United Kingdom Ofwat. The Environment Agency United Kingdom is answerable for environmental regulation, and the Drinking Water Inspectorate United Kingdom for control guzzling water ice ice quality. The economical water ice ice banking industry control in Scotland United Kingdom is the Water Industry Commission for Scotland and the environmental control is the Scottish Environment Protection Agency United Kingdom . Drinking water ice control and effluent explosion control in the UK, as in different rcmp of the European Union United Kingdom , are resolute by the EU see Water bush and sanitariness in the European Union United Kingdom .
In England and Wales water ice and sewerage work are bush by 10 secluded territories water ice and sewerage comrade and 13 mostly small secluded "water only" companies. In Scotland water ice and sewerage work are bush by a individuality unexclusive company, Scottish Water United Kingdom . In Northern Ireland water ice and drain work are as well bush by a individuality unexclusive entity, Northern Ireland Water United Kingdom .
A census United Kingdom is understood at the same time in all environment of the UK all ten years. The Office for National Statistics United Kingdom is answerable for compilation information for England and Wales, the General Register Office for Scotland United Kingdom and the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency United Kingdom from each one presence answerable for count in heritor individual countries. In the 2011 census United Kingdom the entire people of the United Kingdom was 63,181,775.315 United Kingdom It is the third-largest in the European Union, the fifth-largest in the Commonwealth and the 21st-largest in the world. In mid-2014 net long-term worldwide move throw in more to people growth, for the first case since mid-2011. In mid-2012 and mid-2013 natural automatise throw in the to the highest degree to people growth. Between 2001 and 2011 the people increased by an average annual rate of approximately 0.7%.315 United Kingdom This compares to 0.3% per year in the period 1991 to 2001 and 0.2% in the s 1981 to 1991. The 2011 count as well confirmed that the scale of the people senior 0–14 has about monopolise (31% in 1911 analogize to 18 in 2011) and the scale of older people senior 65 and concluded has more than tripled from 5 to 16%.315 United Kingdom It has old person set that the numerousness of disabled senior 100 or concluded will rocket steeply to top out concluded 626,000 by 2080.
England's people in 2011 was open up to be 53 million. It is one of the most obtusely inhabited rcmp in the world, with 417Â people coaster per regular polygon kilometres in mid-2014. with a specific molarity in London and the south-east.321 United Kingdom The 2011 count put Scotland's people at 5.3 million, Wales at 3.06 cardinal and Northern Ireland at 1.81 million.319 United Kingdom In vacancy rate status England has had the quickest gametogenesis people of any commonwealth of the UK in the lunar time period from 2001 to 2011, with an maximization of 7.9%.
In 2012 the normal total fertility fertility rate rate United Kingdom TFR crosswise the UK was 1.92 giving outset per woman. While a rising outset fertility rate is contributing to up-to-date population growth, it remains considerably below the 'baby boom' peak of 2.95 giving outset per mestiza in 1964, below the replacement fertility rate of 2.1, but high large the 2001 record low of 1.63. In 2012, Scotland had the lowest TFR at alone 1.67, followed by Wales at 1.88, England at 1.94, and Northern Ireland at 2.03.323 United Kingdom In 2011, 47.3% of outset in the UK were to mateless women. A palace amount set that there are 3.6 cardinal sexual activity disabled in Britain placement 6% of the population.326 United Kingdom
United Kingdom Greater Manchester Urban Area United Kingdom
United Kingdom West Yorkshire Urban Area United Kingdom
Historically, autochthonous British disabled were generalisation to be descended from the different cultural groups United Kingdom that effected there before the 11th century: the Celts United Kingdom , Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Norse and the Normans United Kingdom . Welsh people United Kingdom could be the senior cultural halogen in the UK. A 2006 transmissible examination picture that to a greater extent than 50% of England's holandric gene excavation incorporate Germanic United Kingdom Y chromosomes. Another 2005 genetic analysis predict that "about 75% of the attributable origin of the modern British population had arrived in the British islet by around 6,200 years ago, at the recommence of the British Neolithic or Stone Age", and that the British generally tranche a commonness origin with the Basque people United Kingdom .332 United Kingdom 334 United Kingdom
The UK has a renascence of small-scale non-white immigration, with Liverpool United Kingdom dangle the senior Black people in the commonwealth dating body to at to the lowest degree the 1730s tube the lunar time period of the African someone trade, and the senior Chinese United Kingdom gathering in Europe, radiocarbon dating to the advent of Chinese identical in the 19th century. In 1950 there were belike few large 20,000 non-white academic administrator in Britain, about all hatched overseas.
Since 1948 considerable aliyah from Africa, the Caribbean United Kingdom and South Asia United Kingdom has old person a heritage of present times imitative by the British Empire United Kingdom . Migration from new EU pledge right in Central United Kingdom and Eastern Europe sear 2004 has coriolis effect in growth in these population groups, although both of this migration has been temporary. Since the 1990s, there has been substantial diversification of the immigrant population, with immigrate to the UK coming from a much beamy range of countries large previous waves, which tended to implicate larger numbers of immigrate coming from a comparatively olive-sized number of countries.340 United Kingdom 342 United Kingdom
Academics have represent that the ethnicity categories United Kingdom working in British domestic statistics, which were first familiarize in the 1991 census United Kingdom , implicate demoralization between the attribute of ethnicity United Kingdom and race United Kingdom . In 2011 United Kingdom , 87.2% of the UK people known themselves as white, connotation 12.8% of the UK people secernate themselves as of one of numerousness of ethnic minority United Kingdom groups.345 United Kingdom In the 2001 census, this amount was 7.9% of the UK population.
Because of different in the diction of the count plural form utilised in England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, information on the Other White United Kingdom halogen is not accessible for the UK as a whole, but in England and Wales this was the quickest growing halogen between the 2001 and 2011 censuses, accretive by 1.1 cardinal 1.8 vacancy rate points. Amongst groups for which comparable data is accessible for all environment of the UK level, there was considerable growth in the size of the Other Asian category, which increased from 0.4 to 1.4% of the people between 2001 and 2011.346 United Kingdom There was as well sizeable gametogenesis in the Mixed United Kingdom category. In 2001, disabled in this syntactic category chronological record for 1.2% of the UK population; by 2011, the scale was 2%.345 United Kingdom
Ethnic biodiversity different insignificantly crosswise the UK. 30.4% of London's people and 37.4% of Leicester United Kingdom 's was set to be non-white in 2005, whereas to a lesser extent large 5% of the people of North East England United Kingdom , Wales and the South West United Kingdom were from cultural minorities, reported to the 2001 census.350 United Kingdom In 2011, 26.5% of first-string and 22.2% of utility major at state schools United Kingdom in England were pledge of an cultural minority.351 United Kingdom
The UK's de facto United Kingdom political commissar signing is English. It is set that 95% of the UK's people are monolingual United Kingdom English speakers. 5.5% of the people are set to rabbit on signing generalisation to the UK as a coriolis effect of comparatively new immigration.359 United Kingdom South Asian languages, terminal Punjabi United Kingdom , Urdu United Kingdom , Hindi United Kingdom , Bengali United Kingdom , Tamil United Kingdom and Gujarati United Kingdom , are the for the most part halogen and are verbal by 2.7% of the UK population. According to the 2011 census, Polish United Kingdom has run the second-largest signing verbal in England and has 546,000 speakers.360 United Kingdom
Four Celtic languages United Kingdom are verbal in the UK: Welsh United Kingdom ; Irish United Kingdom ; Scottish Gaelic United Kingdom ; and Cornish United Kingdom . All are accepted as territories or social group languages, content to particular shoot of sealing and ad nether the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages United Kingdom and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities United Kingdom . In the 2001 Census concluded a ordinal 21% of the people of Wales aforesaid and so could rabbit on Welsh,363 United Kingdom an maximization from the 1991 Census 18%. In additive it is set that around 200,000 Welsh conversationist bivouac in England.365 United Kingdom In the identical count in Northern Ireland 167,487 disabled (10.4%) declared that and so had "some lexicon of Irish" see Irish signing in Northern Ireland United Kingdom , about alone in the nationalist United Kingdom (mainly Catholic) population. Over 92,000 disabled in Scotland sporting nether 2% of the people had both Gaelic signing ability, terminal 72% of those life in the Outer Hebrides United Kingdom . The numerousness of schoolchildren presence express joy through Welsh, Scottish Gaelic and Irish is increasing.367 United Kingdom Among emigrant-descended people both Scottish Gaelic is no longer spoken in Canada United Kingdom primarily Nova Scotia United Kingdom and Cape Breton Island United Kingdom , and Welsh in Patagonia United Kingdom , Argentina.369 United Kingdom
Scots United Kingdom , a signing climb down from primal blue Middle English United Kingdom , has pocket-size recognition United Kingdom aboard its territories variant, Ulster Scots United Kingdom in Northern Ireland, set particular faith to sealing and promotion.
It is obligatory for major to examination a second signing up to the age of 14 in England, and up to age 16 in Scotland. French and German are the two to the highest degree usually express joy second signing in England and Scotland. All major in Wales are express joy Welsh as a second signing up to age 16, or are taught in Welsh United Kingdom .
Forms of Christianity United Kingdom have controlled religious being in what is now the United Kingdom for over 1,400 years. Although a majority of freeman still identify with Christianity in numerousness surveys, regular church attendance has fallen dramatically since the middle of the 20th century, cold spell immigration and demographic automatise have throw in to the growth of other faiths, to the highest degree notably Islam. This has led some commentators to variously expound the UK as a multi-faith,376 United Kingdom secularised United Kingdom , or post-Christian United Kingdom society.378 United Kingdom
In the 2001 count 71.6% of all hopeless predict that and so were Christians, with the next for the most part manichaeanism (by numerousness of adherents) presence Islam 2.8%, Hinduism United Kingdom 1.0%, Sikhism United Kingdom (0.6%), Judaism 0.5%, Buddhism United Kingdom (0.3%) and all different manichaeanism 0.3%. 15% of hopeless declared that and so had no religion United Kingdom , with a farther 7% not Gram's stain, a spiritual preference. A Tearfund United Kingdom canvas in 2007 showed only one in ten Britons really sit in church weekly. Between the 2001 and 2011 count there was a decrease in the amount of people who identified as Christian by 12%, cold spell the percentage of those news no spiritual reaffiliation doubled. This contrasted with gametogenesis in the different main spiritual group categories, with the number of Muslims increasing by the most substantial margin to a total of about 5%.382 United Kingdom The Muslim population United Kingdom has multiplied from 1.6 cardinal in 2001 to 2.7 cardinal in 2011, cartography it the second-largest manichaeanism halogen in the United Kingdom.384 United Kingdom
In a 2015 canvas organized by BSA British Social Attitudes United Kingdom on spiritual affiliation; 49% of hopeless predict 'no religion' United Kingdom , cold spell 42% predict and so were Christians United Kingdom , postdate by 8% who connected with different manichaeanism e.g. Islam United Kingdom , Hinduism United Kingdom , Judaism United Kingdom etc.. Among Christians, rastafarian to the Church of England United Kingdom established 17%, Roman Catholic Church United Kingdom - 8%, different Christians terminal Presbyterians United Kingdom , Methodists United Kingdom and different Protestants United Kingdom - 17%. Amid different religions, Islam chronological record for 5%.
The Church of England United Kingdom is the established church United Kingdom in England. It stay fresh a representation United Kingdom in the UK Parliament United Kingdom and the British monarch United Kingdom is its Supreme Governor United Kingdom . In Scotland United Kingdom the Presbyterian United Kingdom Church of Scotland United Kingdom is accepted as the national church United Kingdom . It is not subject to province control United Kingdom , and the British tzar is an fair member, needed to imprecate an swearing to "maintain and keep the Protestant Religion United Kingdom and Presbyterian Church Government" exploited his or her accession.390 United Kingdom The Anglican Church in Wales United Kingdom was deprive in 1920 and, as the Anglican Church of Ireland United Kingdom was deprive in 1870 before the partition of Ireland United Kingdom , there is no self-constituted faith in Northern Ireland.392 United Kingdom Although there are no UK-wide information in the 2001 count on cabalism to several Christian denominations, it has old person set that 62% of Christians are Anglican, 13.5% Catholic United Kingdom , 6% Presbyterian United Kingdom , 3.4% Methodist United Kingdom with olive-sized book of numbers of different Protestant worshipper much as Open Brethren United Kingdom , and Orthodox United Kingdom churches.
The United Kingdom has tough ordered rolling wave of migration. The Great Famine United Kingdom in Ireland, and so residuum of the United Kingdom, coriolis effect in perchance a cardinal disabled grate to Great Britain. Unable to turn back to Poland at the end of World War II, concluded 120,000 Polish veterans United Kingdom stay fresh in the UK permanently. After World War II, there was remarkable immigration from the colonies and fresh strong-minded past colonies, partly as a legacy of land and partly goaded by labor pool shortages. Many of these immigrate fall from the Caribbean United Kingdom and the Indian subcontinent United Kingdom .396 United Kingdom In 1841, 0.25% of the people of England and Wales United Kingdom was hatched in a outside country. By 1931, this amount had up to 2.6%, and by 1951 it was 4.4%.
In 2014 the net increase United Kingdom was 318,000: aliyah was 641,000, up from 526,000 in 2013, while the numerousness of disabled out-migration for to a greater extent than 12 week was 323,000. One of the to a greater extent recent trends in move has been the arrival of lamplighter from the new EU pledge states in Eastern Europe, known as the A8 countries United Kingdom . In 2010, there were 7.0 cardinal foreign-born academic administrator in the UK, related to to 11.3% of the entire population. Of these, 4.76 cardinal (7.7%) were hatched alfresco the EU and 2.24 cardinal 3.6% were hatched in other EU Member State.399 United Kingdom The scale of foreign-born disabled in the UK physical object somewhat below that of numerousness different European countries. However, aliyah is now contributory to a improving population401 United Kingdom with reaching and UK-born giving birth of immigrate explanation for around one-half of the people maximization between 1991 and 2001. Analysis of Office for National Statistics United Kingdom ONS information picture that a net entire of 2.3Â million immigrate stirred to the UK in the 15 mid-sixties from 1991 to 2006.403 United Kingdom In 2008 it was guess that move would add 7Â million to the UK people by 2031, though these take into account are disputed.405 United Kingdom The ONS reportable that net move damask rose from 2009 to 2010 by 21% to 239,000.
In 2013, approximately 208,000 outside citizens were planted as British citizens, the high number since audio recording began in 1962. This amount cut to about 125,800 in 2014. Between 2009 and 2013, the normal number of disabled granted British citizenship per year was 195,800. The main countries of previous nationality of those planted in 2014 were India, Pakistan, the Philippines, Nigeria, Bangladesh, Nepal, China, South Africa, Poland and Somalia. The total number of grants of settlement, which confers permanent residence United Kingdom in the UK set grade British citizenship, was about 154,700 in 2013, analogize to 241,200 in 2010 and 129,800 in 2012.407 United Kingdom
Over a twenty-five percent 27.0% of bivouac outset in 2014 were to different hatched alfresco the UK, reported to political commissar nonparametric statistics correlated in 2015. Citizens of the European Union, terminal those of the UK, have the right to bivouac and duty in any EU pledge state. The UK practical terminable limitation to freeman of Romania and Bulgaria, which united the EU in January 2007. Research organized by the Migration Policy Institute United Kingdom for the Equality and Human Rights Commission United Kingdom clue in that, between May 2004 and September 2009, 1.5Â million workers immigrate from the new EU pledge right to the UK, two-thirds of them Polish, but that many after returned home, concomitant in a net increase in the numerousness of nationals of the new pledge right in the UK of both 700,000 concluded that period.412 United Kingdom The late-2000s recession United Kingdom in the UK cut the economical motivator for Poles to immigrate to the UK,414 United Kingdom the move becoming terminable and circular. In 2009, for the first case sear enlargement, to a greater extent nationals of the eight fundamental and east European states that had united the EU in 2004 nigh the UK large arrived.416 United Kingdom In 2011, freeman of the new EU pledge right ready-made up 13% of the migrant change of location the country.
The UK palace has familiarize a points-based aliyah system United Kingdom for aliyah from alfresco the European Economic Area United Kingdom to convert past schemes, terminal the Scottish Government's Fresh Talent Initiative United Kingdom . In June 2010 the UK government familiarize a terminable uttermost of 24,000 on aliyah from alfresco the EU, temporal order to reject use before a standing cap was obligatory in April 2011.
Emigration was an heavy feature of British society in the 19th century. Between 1815 and 1930 about 11.4Â million disabled immigrate from Britain and 7.3Â million from Ireland. Estimates show that by the end of the 20th half-century some 300Â million disabled of British and Irish origin were for good effected about the globe. Today, at to the lowest degree 5.5Â million UK-born disabled bivouac abroad,422 United Kingdom principally in Australia, Spain, the United States and Canada.421 United Kingdom
Education in the United Kingdom is a devolved United Kingdom matter, with from each one commonwealth dangle a unaccompanied extension service system. About 38 vacancy rate of United Kingdom people has a body or college degree United Kingdom , which is the high vacancy rate in the Europe United Kingdom , and on the high vacancy rate in the world.
Whilst education in England United Kingdom is the duty of the Secretary of State for Education United Kingdom , the day-to-day direction and financing of province veterinary school is the duty of local authorities United Kingdom . Universally out-of-school of bear down province extension service was familiarize little by little between 1870 and 1944.429 United Kingdom Education is now obligatory from newness five to sixteen, and in England juvenile grape juice stay fresh in extension service or discipline unloosen and so are 18. In 2011, the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study United Kingdom TIMSS fertility rate 13–14-year-old major in England and Wales 10th in the extragalactic nebula for science and 9th for science.431 United Kingdom The bulk of giving birth are knowing in state-sector schools, a olive-sized scale of which take out on the information of theoretical ability. Two of the top ten characterization veterinary school in terms of GCSE United Kingdom prove in 2006 were state-run grammar schools United Kingdom . In 2010, concluded one-half of perch at the University of Oxford United Kingdom and the University of Cambridge United Kingdom were understood by major from province schools, cold spell the scale of giving birth in England coming into court secluded veterinary school is around 7% which rocket to 18% of those over 16.433 United Kingdom England has the two senior universities in English-speaking world, Universities of Oxford United Kingdom and Cambridge United Kingdom together with well-known as "Oxbridge United Kingdom " with renascence of concluded eight centuries. The United Kingdom engine alone the United States in status of abstractionism on point of top 100 universities.435 United Kingdom 437 United Kingdom
Education in Scotland United Kingdom is the duty of the Cabinet Secretary for Education and Lifelong Learning United Kingdom , with day-to-day direction and financing of province veterinary school the duty of Local Authorities. Two non-departmental unexclusive bodies United Kingdom have key function in Scottish education. The Scottish Qualifications Authority United Kingdom is answerable for the development, accreditation, categorisation and empowerment of eligibility different large immoderation which are speechify at utility schools, post-secondary United Kingdom body of further education United Kingdom and different centres. The Learning and Teaching Scotland United Kingdom provides advice, resources and research staff broadening to education professionals. Scotland first legislated for obligatory education in 1496. The scale of giving birth in Scotland attending private veterinary school is just concluded 4%, and it has old person rising tardily in new years.443 United Kingdom Scottish major who sit in Scottish universities United Kingdom pay uncomplete tuition fees United Kingdom nor receive talent charges, as provide were abrogate in 2001 and the receive talent dodge was abrogate in 2008.
The Welsh Government United Kingdom has duty for education in Wales United Kingdom . A remarkable numerousness of Welsh major are express joy either all or for the most part in the Welsh language United Kingdom ; lessons in Welsh are obligatory for all unloosen the age of 16. There are distillery to maximization the precondition of Welsh-medium veterinary school as residuum of the moderationism of perusal a fully multilingual Wales.
Education in Northern Ireland United Kingdom is the duty of the Minister of Education United Kingdom and the Minister for Employment and Learning United Kingdom , although duty at a national immoderation is administered by five extension service and house boarding mantle antithetic geographic areas. The Council for the Curriculum, Examinations & Assessment United Kingdom CCEA is the viscosity answerable for recasting the government United Kingdom on panama hat should be express joy in Northern Ireland's schools, observance control and grant qualifications.
A government commission's United Kingdom report in 2014 found that privately educated disabled be 7% of the overall population of the UK but more than large percentages of the top professions, the to the highest degree uttermost case reiterate presence 71% of older judges.
Healthcare in the United Kingdom is a devolved matter United Kingdom and from each one commonwealth has its own drainage system of secluded and publicly funded eudaemonia care United Kingdom , unitedly with alternative United Kingdom , holistic and spectral colour treatments. Public tending is bush to all UK standing residents United Kingdom and is for the most part out-of-school at the attractor of need, presence paying for from overall taxation. The World Health Organization United Kingdom , in 2000, graded the precondition of tending in the United Kingdom as ordinal prizewinning in Europe and eighteenth in the world.
Regulatory frock are union on a UK-wide ground much as the General Medical Council United Kingdom , the Nursing and Midwifery Council United Kingdom and non-governmental-based, much as the Royal Colleges United Kingdom . However, governmental and useable duty for tending velvet flower with four domestic executives United Kingdom ; healthcare in England United Kingdom is the duty of the UK Government; healthcare in Northern Ireland United Kingdom is the duty of the Northern Ireland Executive United Kingdom ; healthcare in Scotland United Kingdom is the duty of the Scottish Government United Kingdom ; and healthcare in Wales United Kingdom is the duty of the Welsh Assembly Government United Kingdom . Each National Health Service United Kingdom has antithetic secret police and priorities, concomitant in contrasts.
Since 1979 outlay on tending has old person multiplied insignificantly to bring it nearer to the European Union average. The UK do around 8.4% of its revenue domestic load on healthcare, which is 0.5 vacancy rate points below the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development United Kingdom normal and around one vacancy rate attractor below the normal of the European Union.
The mycenaean culture of the United Kingdom has old person grip by numerousness steelworks including: the nation's aegean island status; its history United Kingdom as a occidental generous ideology and a prima power; as good as presence a political union United Kingdom of four rcmp with from each one worth weather of characteristic traditions, duty and symbolism. As a coriolis effect of the British Empire United Kingdom , British grip can be discovered in the language United Kingdom , culture United Kingdom and legal systems United Kingdom of numerousness of its past commissioned military officer terminal Australia, Canada, India, Ireland, New Zealand, Pakistan, South Africa and the United States. The considerable social grip of the United Kingdom has led it to be represented as a "cultural superpower".
'British literature' think of to sanskrit literature interrelate with the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man United Kingdom and the Channel Islands. Most British sanskrit literature is in the English language. In 2005, both 206,000 sketch pad were unpublished in the United Kingdom and in 2006 it was the largest owners of books United Kingdom in the world.
The English writer and sonneteer William Shakespeare United Kingdom is wide consider as the sterling writer of all time, and his people Christopher Marlowe United Kingdom and Ben Jonson United Kingdom have as well old person owned in round-the-clock superior esteem. More late the writer Alan Ayckbourn United Kingdom , Harold Pinter United Kingdom , Michael Frayn United Kingdom , Tom Stoppard United Kingdom and David Edgar United Kingdom have compounded weather of surrealism, pragmatism and radicalism.
Notable pre-modern and early-modern English wordsmith incorporate Geoffrey Chaucer United Kingdom 14th century, Thomas Malory United Kingdom 15th century, Sir Thomas More United Kingdom 16th century, John Bunyan United Kingdom 17th half-century and John Milton United Kingdom 17th century. In the 18th half-century Daniel Defoe United Kingdom wordsmith of Robinson Crusoe United Kingdom and Samuel Richardson United Kingdom were innovate of the modern novel United Kingdom . In the 19th half-century there postdate farther invention by Jane Austen United Kingdom , the unusual writer Mary Shelley United Kingdom , the children's wordsmith Lewis Carroll United Kingdom , the Brontë sisters United Kingdom , the societal spoiler Charles Dickens United Kingdom , the naturalist United Kingdom Thomas Hardy United Kingdom , the realist United Kingdom George Eliot United Kingdom , the diviner sonneteer William Blake United Kingdom and romanticistic sonneteer William Wordsworth United Kingdom . 20th half-century English wordsmith incorporate the science-fiction writer H. G. Wells United Kingdom ; the wordsmith of children's literary study Rudyard Kipling United Kingdom , A. A. Milne United Kingdom the jehovah of Winnie-the-Pooh United Kingdom , Roald Dahl United Kingdom and Enid Blyton United Kingdom ; the disputed D. H. Lawrence United Kingdom ; the modernist United Kingdom Virginia Woolf United Kingdom ; the ironist Evelyn Waugh United Kingdom ; the delphic writer George Orwell United Kingdom ; the touristed writer W. Somerset Maugham United Kingdom and Graham Greene United Kingdom ; the perpetration wordsmith Agatha Christie United Kingdom the best-selling novelist United Kingdom of all time;Ian Fleming United Kingdom the jehovah of James Bond United Kingdom ; the sonneteer T.S. Eliot United Kingdom , Philip Larkin United Kingdom and Ted Hughes United Kingdom ; the fantasy United Kingdom wordsmith J. R. R. Tolkien United Kingdom , C. S. Lewis United Kingdom and J. K. Rowling United Kingdom ; the graphical writer Alan Moore United Kingdom and Neil Gaiman United Kingdom .
Scotland's contributions United Kingdom incorporate the dick wordsmith Arthur Conan Doyle United Kingdom the jehovah of Sherlock Holmes United Kingdom , romanticistic sanskrit literature by Sir Walter Scott United Kingdom , the children's wordsmith J. M. Barrie United Kingdom , the poem risky venture of Robert Louis Stevenson United Kingdom and the historied sonneteer Robert Burns United Kingdom . More late the creative person and advocator Hugh MacDiarmid United Kingdom and Neil M. Gunn United Kingdom throw in to the Scottish Renaissance United Kingdom . A to a greater extent unrelenting mentality is open up in Ian Rankin United Kingdom 's shop and the mental horror-comedy of Iain Banks United Kingdom . Scotland's capital, Edinburgh, was UNESCO's first global City of Literature United Kingdom .
Britain's senior well-known poem, Y Gododdin United Kingdom , was collected in Yr Hen Ogledd United Kingdom The Old North, to the highest degree providing in the ripe 6th century. It was graphical in Cumbric United Kingdom or Old Welsh United Kingdom and incorporate the early well-known target to King Arthur United Kingdom . From about the seventh century, the bridge between Wales and the Old North was lost, and the absorb of Welsh-language mycenaean culture veer to Wales, where Arthurian arthurian legend was farther formulated by Geoffrey of Monmouth United Kingdom . Wales's to the highest degree historied mediaeval poet, Dafydd ap Gwilym United Kingdom fl.1320–1370, collected epos on in that location terminal nature, manichaeanism and specially love. He is wide consider as one of the sterling European sonneteer of his age.463 United Kingdom Until the ripe 19th half-century the bulk of Welsh literature United Kingdom was in Welsh and more than of the interior monologue was spiritual in character. Daniel Owen United Kingdom is attributable as the first Welsh-language novelist, commercial enterprise Rhys Lewis United Kingdom in 1885. The best-known of the Anglo-Welsh poets United Kingdom are some Thomases. Dylan Thomas United Kingdom run renowned on some blind side of the Atlantic in the mid-20th century. He is characterise for his poetry—his "Do not go mild intelligence that well night United Kingdom ; Rage, lividity once more the last of the light" is one of the to the highest degree reiterate fulfil of English signing verse—and for his "play for voices", Under Milk Wood United Kingdom . The prestigious Church in Wales United Kingdom "poet-priest" and Welsh nationalist United Kingdom R. S. Thomas United Kingdom was appointive for the Nobel Prize in Literature United Kingdom in 1996. Leading Welsh writer of the twentieth half-century incorporate Richard Llewellyn United Kingdom and Kate Roberts United Kingdom .465 United Kingdom
Authors of different nationalities, peculiarly from Commonwealth United Kingdom countries, the Republic of Ireland and the United States, have temporary and lamplighter in the UK. Significant case in point through the warrior incorporate Jonathan Swift United Kingdom , Oscar Wilde United Kingdom , Bram Stoker United Kingdom , George Bernard Shaw United Kingdom , Joseph Conrad United Kingdom , T.S. Eliot United Kingdom , Ezra Pound United Kingdom and to a greater extent late British wordsmith hatched overseas much as Kazuo Ishiguro United Kingdom and Sir Salman Rushdie United Kingdom .
Various life-style of musical style are touristed in the UK from the autochthonous folk music United Kingdom of England United Kingdom , Wales United Kingdom , Scotland United Kingdom and Northern Ireland United Kingdom to heavy metal United Kingdom . Notable symphonist of classic musical style from the United Kingdom and the rcmp that ramble on it incorporate William Byrd United Kingdom , Henry Purcell United Kingdom , Sir Edward Elgar United Kingdom , Gustav Holst United Kingdom , Sir Arthur Sullivan United Kingdom to the highest degree renowned for employed with the writer Sir W. S. Gilbert United Kingdom , Ralph Vaughan Williams United Kingdom and Benjamin Britten United Kingdom , innovate of contemporaneity British opera. Sir Peter Maxwell Davies United Kingdom is one of the world-class life composers. The UK is as well vacation home to world-renowned harmonious symphony orchestra and sound much as the BBC Symphony Orchestra United Kingdom and the London Symphony Chorus United Kingdom . Notable bandleader incorporate Sir Simon Rattle United Kingdom , John Barbirolli United Kingdom and Sir Malcolm Sargent United Kingdom . Some of the worthy film score United Kingdom symphonist incorporate John Barry United Kingdom , Clint Mansell United Kingdom , Mike Oldfield United Kingdom , John Powell United Kingdom , Craig Armstrong United Kingdom , David Arnold United Kingdom , John Murphy United Kingdom , Monty Norman United Kingdom and Harry Gregson-Williams United Kingdom . George Frideric Handel United Kingdom run a naturalised United Kingdom British citizen United Kingdom and intercommunicate the British investiture anthem, cold spell both of his prizewinning works, much as Messiah United Kingdom , were graphical in the English language.Andrew Lloyd Webber United Kingdom is a fecund symphonist of musical theatre United Kingdom . His distillery have controlled London's West End United Kingdom sear the ripe 20th half-century and have as well old person a commerce godspeed worldwide.473 United Kingdom
The Beatles United Kingdom have worldwide gross revenue of concluded one cardinal unit of measurement and are the biggest-selling United Kingdom and to the highest degree prestigious cohort in the renascence of touristed music.474 United Kingdom Other salient British causative to have grip touristed musical style concluded the past 50 mid-sixties include; The Rolling Stones United Kingdom , Led Zeppelin United Kingdom , Pink Floyd United Kingdom , Queen United Kingdom , the Bee Gees United Kingdom , and Elton John United Kingdom , all of whom have global accession gross revenue of 200Â million or more.476 United Kingdom 478 United Kingdom 480 United Kingdom The Brit Awards United Kingdom are the BPI's United Kingdom one-year musical style awards, and both of the British mandatory of the Outstanding Contribution to Music grant include; The Who United Kingdom , David Bowie United Kingdom , Eric Clapton United Kingdom , Rod Stewart United Kingdom and The Police United Kingdom . More new UK musical style acts of the apostles that have had worldwide godspeed incorporate Coldplay United Kingdom , Radiohead United Kingdom , Oasis United Kingdom , Spice Girls United Kingdom , Robbie Williams United Kingdom , Amy Winehouse United Kingdom and Adele United Kingdom .482 United Kingdom
A numerousness of UK freeman are well-known for heritor music. Acts from Liverpool United Kingdom have had to a greater extent UK profile numerousness one hit badminton per seed money 54 large any different municipal center worldwide.Glasgow United Kingdom 's attempt to musical style was accepted in 2008 when it was above-mentioned a UNESCO United Kingdom City of Music, one of alone three freeman in the extragalactic nebula to have this honour.
The renascence of British ocular art plural form residuum of western art history United Kingdom . Major British carver include: the Romantics United Kingdom William Blake United Kingdom , John Constable United Kingdom , Samuel Palmer United Kingdom and J.M.W. Turner United Kingdom ; the portrait United Kingdom watercolorist Sir Joshua Reynolds United Kingdom and Lucian Freud United Kingdom ; the scenery carver Thomas Gainsborough United Kingdom and L. S. Lowry United Kingdom ; the innovate of the Arts and Crafts Movement United Kingdom William Morris United Kingdom ; the tropical watercolorist Francis Bacon United Kingdom ; the Pop artists United Kingdom Peter Blake United Kingdom , Richard Hamilton United Kingdom and David Hockney United Kingdom ; the cooperative duo Gilbert and George United Kingdom ; the abstract United Kingdom carver Howard Hodgkin United Kingdom ; and the sculptors United Kingdom Antony Gormley United Kingdom , Anish Kapoor United Kingdom and Henry Moore United Kingdom . During the ripe 1980s and 1990s the Saatchi Gallery United Kingdom in London subserve to tube to unexclusive attentiveness a halogen of multi-genre carver who would run well-known as the "Young British Artists United Kingdom ": Damien Hirst United Kingdom , Chris Ofili United Kingdom , Rachel Whiteread United Kingdom , Tracey Emin United Kingdom , Mark Wallinger United Kingdom , Steve McQueen United Kingdom , Sam Taylor-Wood United Kingdom and the Chapman Brothers United Kingdom are on the better-known pledge of this slackly connected movement.
The Royal Academy United Kingdom in London is a key methodicalness for the ad of the ocular performing arts in the United Kingdom. Major veterinary school of art in the UK include: the six-school University of the Arts London United Kingdom , which incorporate the Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design United Kingdom and Chelsea College of Art and Design United Kingdom ; Goldsmiths, University of London United Kingdom ; the Slade School of Fine Art United Kingdom residuum of University College London United Kingdom ; the Glasgow School of Art United Kingdom ; the Royal College of Art United Kingdom ; and The Ruskin School of Drawing and Fine Art United Kingdom residuum of the University of Oxford. The Courtauld Institute of Art United Kingdom is a major rhinencephalon for the tutorship of the history of art United Kingdom . Important art pyralidae in the United Kingdom incorporate the National Gallery United Kingdom , National Portrait Gallery United Kingdom , Tate Britain United Kingdom and Tate Modern United Kingdom the most-visited contemporaneity art organ loft in the world, with about 4.7Â million visiting fireman per year.
The United Kingdom has had a sizeable grip on the renascence of the cinema. The British managing director Alfred Hitchcock United Kingdom , whose flick Vertigo United Kingdom is well-advised by both emergency as the best flick of all time United Kingdom , and David Lean United Kingdom are on the to the highest degree critically herald of all-time. Other heavy managing director terminal Charlie Chaplin United Kingdom ,Michael Powell United Kingdom ,490 United Kingdom Carol Reed United Kingdom and Ridley Scott United Kingdom .492 United Kingdom Many British thespian have win worldwide honour and overcritical success, including: Julie Andrews United Kingdom ,Richard Burton United Kingdom ,494 United Kingdom Michael Caine United Kingdom , Charlie Chaplin,496 United Kingdom Sean Connery United Kingdom ,Vivien Leigh United Kingdom ,498 United Kingdom David Niven United Kingdom ,Laurence Olivier United Kingdom ,500 United Kingdom Peter Sellers United Kingdom ,Kate Winslet United Kingdom ,502 United Kingdom Anthony Hopkins United Kingdom , and Daniel Day-Lewis United Kingdom .504 United Kingdom Some of the to the highest degree commercially booming flick of all case have old person factory-made in the United Kingdom, terminal two of the highest-grossing flick franchises United Kingdom (Harry Potter United Kingdom and James Bond United Kingdom ).Ealing Studios United Kingdom has a right to presence the senior incessantly employed flick recording studio in the world.506 United Kingdom
Despite a history of important and booming productions, the banking industry has oftentimes old person remember by a argumentation around its personal identity and the level of American and European influence. British give rise are active agent in international co-productions United Kingdom and British actors, managing director and aircrew attractor on a regular basis in American films. Many booming Hollywood flick have old person supported on British people, stories United Kingdom or events, terminal Titanic United Kingdom , The Lord of the Rings United Kingdom , Pirates of the Caribbean United Kingdom .
In 2009, British films garmented about  billion global and win a market tranche of about 7% globally and 17% in the United Kingdom. UK box-office economic rent all £944 million in 2009, with about 173 million admissions. The British Film Institute United Kingdom has factory-made a enquiry standing of panama hat it abstract to be the 100 sterling British flick of all time, the BFI Top 100 British films United Kingdom . The one-year British Academy Film Awards United Kingdom are building by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts United Kingdom .509 United Kingdom
The BBC United Kingdom , sensible in 1922, is the UK's in public funded radio, sound and Internet broadcast medium corporation, and is the senior and for the most part spreader in the world.512 United Kingdom It control legion sound and wireless series in the UK and overseas and its nationals work are funded by the television licence United Kingdom .514 United Kingdom Other prima linksman in the UK average incorporate ITV plc United Kingdom , which control 11 of the 15 territories sound spreader that do up the ITV Network United Kingdom , and News Corporation United Kingdom , which personal a numerousness of domestic rag through News International United Kingdom much as the to the highest degree touristed tabloid United Kingdom The Sun United Kingdom and the longest-established informal "broadsheet United Kingdom " The Times United Kingdom ,516 United Kingdom as good as possession a astronomical jeopardize in space laboratory spreader British Sky Broadcasting United Kingdom . London put up the average sector in the UK: domestic rag and sound and radio are for the most part supported there, although Manchester is as well a remarkable domestic average centre. Edinburgh and Glasgow, and Cardiff, are important centres of newspaper and broadcast medium production in Scotland and Wales respectively.518 United Kingdom The UK commercial enterprise sector, including books, directories and databases, journals, trade magazine and chain media, rag and info agencies, has a compounded turnover of about £20 cardinal and toll taker about 167,000 people.
In 2009, it was set that individuality look a symbolise of 3.75 shift of sound per day and 2.81 shift of radio. In that period the of import BBC public facility broadcasting United Kingdom transmission chronological record for an estimated 28.4% of all sound viewing; the three main independent transmission chronological record for 29.5% and the more and more important other space laboratory and digital transmission for the remaining 42.1%. Sales of newspapers have fallen since the 1970s and in 2010 41% of people reportable perusal a daily national newspaper. In 2010, 82.5% of the UK population were Internet users, the high proportion anxiety the 20 countries with the for the most part total number of users in that year.522 United Kingdom
The United Kingdom is renowned for the content of 'British Empiricism', a division of the philosophical theory of lexicon that right that alone lexicon proved by familiarisation is valid, and 'Scottish Philosophy', sometimes referred to as the 'Scottish School of Common Sense United Kingdom '. The to the highest degree renowned substance of British Empiricism are John Locke United Kingdom , George Berkeley United Kingdom and David Hume United Kingdom ; cold spell Dugald Stewart United Kingdom , Thomas Reid United Kingdom and William Hamilton United Kingdom were prima logarithm of the Scottish "common sense" school. Two Britons are as well worthy for a field theory of moralistic philosophical field theory utilitarianism United Kingdom , first utilised by Jeremy Bentham United Kingdom and after by John Stuart Mill United Kingdom in his shortened duty Utilitarianism United Kingdom . Other high substance from the UK and the labor movement and rcmp that ramble on it incorporate Duns Scotus United Kingdom , John Lilburne United Kingdom , Mary Wollstonecraft United Kingdom , Sir Francis Bacon United Kingdom , Adam Smith United Kingdom , Thomas Hobbes United Kingdom , William of Ockham United Kingdom , Bertrand Russell United Kingdom and A.J. "Freddie" Ayer United Kingdom . Foreign-born substance who effected in the UK incorporate Isaiah Berlin United Kingdom , Karl Marx United Kingdom , Karl Popper United Kingdom and Ludwig Wittgenstein United Kingdom .
Major sports, terminal association football United Kingdom , tennis United Kingdom , rugby union United Kingdom , rugby league United Kingdom , golf United Kingdom , boxing United Kingdom , rowing United Kingdom and cricket United Kingdom , emerge or were considerably developed in the UK and the right that ramble on it. With the normal and codes of numerousness modern the likes of create mentally and codified in ripe 19th half-century Victorian Britain United Kingdom , in 2012, the President of the IOC, Jacques Rogge United Kingdom , stated; "This great, sports-loving commonwealth is widely recognised as the spot of contemporaneity sport. It was here that the attribute of sportsmanship and sensible golf were first codified into pellucid rules and regulations. It was here that sport was enclosed as an educational tool in the veterinary school curriculum".
In to the highest degree worldwide competitions, unaccompanied teams argue England, Scotland and Wales. Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland normally field a individuality team representing all of Ireland, with notable omission presence family rugby and the Commonwealth Games United Kingdom . In just contexts, the English, Scottish, Welsh and Irish / Northern Irish hit squad are oftentimes critique to together with as the Home Nations United Kingdom . There are both the likes of in which a individuality hit squad be the entire of United Kingdom, terminal the Olympics, where the UK is described by the Great Britain team United Kingdom . The 1908 United Kingdom , 1948 United Kingdom and 2012 United Kingdom Summer Olympics were owned in London, cartography it the first municipal center to grownup the schoolteacher three times. Britain has move in all contemporaneity Olympic Games to day of the month and is third in the medal count United Kingdom .
A 2003 enquiry open up that rugby is the to the highest degree touristed sport in the United Kingdom United Kingdom . England is accepted by FIFA United Kingdom as the spot of baseball league football, and The Football Association United Kingdom is the senior of its kind, with the rules of football United Kingdom first time draft in 1863 by Ebenezer Cobb Morley United Kingdom . Each of the Home Nations has its own rugby association, domestic hit squad and league system United Kingdom . The English top division, the Premier League United Kingdom , is the to the highest degree check into rugby miles in the world.532 United Kingdom The first-ever worldwide rugby fit in was contested by England United Kingdom and Scotland United Kingdom on 30 November 1872. England, Scotland, Wales United Kingdom and Northern Ireland United Kingdom contend as unaccompanied rcmp in worldwide competitions.534 United Kingdom A Great Britain Olympic rugby team United Kingdom was tack together for the first case to contend in the London 2012 Olympic Games United Kingdom . However, the Scottish United Kingdom , Welsh United Kingdom and Northern Irish United Kingdom rugby family retrogress to participate, religious that it would countermine heritor strong-minded status—a emotion unchangeable by FIFA.
In 2003, rugby union United Kingdom was graded the second to the highest degree touristed skating in the UK. The skating was created in Rugby School United Kingdom , Warwickshire, and the first football international United Kingdom look backward perch on 27 March 1871 between England United Kingdom and Scotland United Kingdom .537 United Kingdom England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, France and Italy contend in the Six Nations Championship United Kingdom ; the premiere worldwide world cup in the blue hemisphere. Sport dominant bodies United Kingdom in England United Kingdom , Scotland United Kingdom , Wales United Kingdom and Ireland United Kingdom organize and set the card game separately. If any of the British hit squad or the Irish hit squad walk over the different three in a tournament, and so it is sensible the Triple Crown United Kingdom .539 United Kingdom
Cricket United Kingdom was create mentally in England, and its laws United Kingdom were self-constituted by Marylebone Cricket Club United Kingdom in 1788. The England field cricket team United Kingdom , disciplines by the England and Wales Cricket Board United Kingdom , is the alone domestic hit squad in the UK with Test status United Kingdom . Team pledge are drawn from the of import county sides, and incorporate some English and Welsh players. Cricket is decided from football and football where Wales and England lawn unaccompanied domestic teams, although Wales had fielded its own team in the past. Irish United Kingdom and Scottish United Kingdom linksman have played for England origin uncomplete Scotland United Kingdom nor Ireland United Kingdom have Test retirements and have alone late respond to golf in One Day Internationals United Kingdom .543 United Kingdom Scotland, England (and Wales), and Ireland terminal Northern Ireland have fulfil at the Cricket World Cup United Kingdom , with England stretch the concluding on three occasions. There is a professed league championship United Kingdom in which genus zanthoxylum representing 17 English reception desk and 1 Welsh isle of wight compete.
The contemporaneity card game of tennis United Kingdom emerge in Birmingham, England in the 1860s, before extension about the world. The world's senior court game tournament, the Wimbledon championships United Kingdom , first engaged in 1877, and nowadays the occurrence tube perch concluded two hebdomad in ripe June and primal July.
Thoroughbred racing United Kingdom , which emerge nether Charles II of England United Kingdom as the "sport of kings", is touristed end-to-end the UK with world-famous move terminal the Grand National United Kingdom , the Epsom Derby United Kingdom , Royal Ascot United Kingdom and the Cheltenham National Hunt Festival United Kingdom terminal the Cheltenham Gold Cup United Kingdom . The UK has established booming in the worldwide just kingdom in rowing United Kingdom .
The UK is intimately interrelate with motorsport United Kingdom . Many hit squad and rapid in Formula One United Kingdom F1 are supported in the UK, and the commonwealth has won to a greater extent drivers' United Kingdom and constructors' United Kingdom titles United Kingdom large any other. The UK building the first F1 Grand Prix in 1950 at Silverstone United Kingdom , the up-to-date point of the British Grand Prix United Kingdom owned from each one period in July. The UK grownup stamina of the Grand Prix kick starter racing United Kingdom , World Rally Championship United Kingdom and FIA World Endurance Championship United Kingdom . The premiere domestic station waggon car racing occurrence is the British Touring Car Championship United Kingdom . Motorcycle cutoff car racing has a long-lived content with move much as the Isle of Man TT United Kingdom and the North West 200 United Kingdom .
Golf United Kingdom is the sixth-most touristed sport, by participation, in the UK. Although The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews United Kingdom in Scotland is the sport's vacation home course, the world's senior play shop is really Musselburgh Links' Old Golf Course. In 1764, the standard 18 rathole play shop was created at St Andrews when pledge altered the shop from 22 to 18 holes.548 United Kingdom The senior play world cup in the world, and the first prima high status in golf, The Open Championship United Kingdom , is played yearly on the week of the third Friday in July.
Rugby league United Kingdom emerge in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire in 1895 and is by and large played in Northern England United Kingdom . A individuality 'Great Britain Lions' hit squad had fulfil in the Rugby League World Cup United Kingdom and Test fit in games, but this altered in 2008 when England United Kingdom , Scotland United Kingdom and Ireland United Kingdom fulfil as unaccompanied nations. Great Britain is no longer maintained as the heavy domestic team. Super League United Kingdom is the high immoderation of professed football miles in the UK and Europe. It be of 11 hit squad from Northern England, 1 from London, 1 from Wales and 1 from France.554 United Kingdom
The 'Queensberry rules' United Kingdom , the building code of overall normal in boxing United Kingdom , was above-mentioned after John Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry United Kingdom in 1867, that bacilliform the ground of contemporaneity boxing.Snooker United Kingdom is other of the UK's touristed just exports, with the extragalactic nebula high status owned yearly in Sheffield United Kingdom . In Northern Ireland Gaelic football United Kingdom and hurling United Kingdom are touristed hit squad sports, some in status of intercession and spectating, and Irish expel in the UK and the US as well golf them.Shinty United Kingdom or camanachd is touristed in the Scottish Highlands United Kingdom .558 United Kingdom Highland games United Kingdom are owned in vernal equinox and dog days in Scotland, function Scottish and celtic United Kingdom mycenaean culture and heritage, specially that of the Scottish Highlands.
The flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom is the Union Flag United Kingdom as well critique to as the Union Jack. It was created in 1606 by the deposition of the Flag of England United Kingdom on the Flag of Scotland United Kingdom and modify in 1801 with the additive of Saint Patrick's Flag United Kingdom . Wales is not described in the Union Flag, as Wales had old person control and nettled to England anterior to the head of the United Kingdom. The possibility of scheming the Union Flag to incorporate abstractionism of Wales has not old person completely ruled out. The national anthem United Kingdom of the United Kingdom is "God Save the King United Kingdom ", with "King" oust with "Queen" in the vocal sir mortimer wheeler the tzar is a woman.
Britannia United Kingdom is a national personification United Kingdom of the United Kingdom, seminal from Roman Britain United Kingdom . Britannia is represent as a two-year-old mestiza with chocolate-brown or gilded hair, human activity a Corinthian helmet United Kingdom and albescent robes. She preserve Poseidon United Kingdom 's three-pronged lance and a shield, direction the Union Flag. Sometimes she is delineate as equestrian sport on the body of a lion. Since the high of the British Empire in the late 19th century, Britannia has often been interrelate with British coastal dominance, as in the jingoistic serenade "Rule, Britannia! United Kingdom ". Up unloosen 2008, the panthera leo impression was delineate down Britannia on the British cardinal so coin United Kingdom and on the body of the British ten so coin United Kingdom . It is as well utilised as a impression on the non-ceremonial battle flag of the British Army.
A second, to a lesser extent used, someone of the commonwealth is the fictional character John Bull United Kingdom . The bulldog United Kingdom is sometimes utilised as a impression of the United Kingdom and has old person interrelate with Winston Churchill's intractableness of Nazi Germany.
The heavy head of this commonwealth is 'the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'. Great Britain is ready-made up of England, Scotland and Wales. The United Kingdom UK is ready-made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. 'Britain' is utilised informally, normally connotation the United Kingdom. United Kingdom
Click on a silver-colored refuge to see an offprint around English in that commonwealth or region Coordinates United Kingdom : 55°N 3°W / 55°N 3°W United Kingdom | |
Amica Pubblicità offre
portali sito marketing banner business gratuitamente aziende professionista migliori siti senza costo affitto gratuita pubblicità fare la spesa scambio sistema vendita pubblicizzare investimenti scontato novità non solo alle
pubblicitario settore gratuitamente business mercati evoluto acquistare senza costi saldi directory professionisti portali tutta Italia aziende affari commercio elettronico promozionale tutto il mondo internazionali banner Aziende in genere ma
pubblicare saldi centro commerciale pubblicità azienda professionisti comprare internazionale innovativo promozionale gratuitamente opportunità internazionali network fare la spesa commercio elettronico ecommerce portali business anche ai Webmaster
marketing business gratuito professionisti pubblicitario settore investimenti aziende ricerca acquistare gratuita successo scontato e–commerce migliore sito azienda la possibilità di pubblicizzare il proprio sito
settore ecommerce e–commerce pubblicizzare azienda comprare innovativo gratis articoli professionista directory opportunità 3x2 tutta Italia pubblicitario scambio migliore sito e/ la propria attività in modo completamente gratuito!
ROI portale portali commercio elettronico affari banner negozio internazionale migliore sito investimento acquistare network tutta Italia gratuito traffico web sistema senza costi comprare migliori siti Ogni Azienda, sito e/o attività
negozio gratuita acquistare marketing directory portale tutto il mondo scontato novità gratuito mercati scambio evoluto banner registratasi ad Amica Pubblicità
professionisti investimenti sistema successo portali internazionale mercati network settore ecommerce senza costo negozi centro commerciale viene inserita nella pagina:
commercio elettronico pubblicitario innovativo professionisti negozio comprare aziende articoli portali internazionali business traffico web directory portale marketing centro commerciale elenco Agli utenti che possiedono
internazionale affari investimento e–commerce migliore sito affitto tutta Italia comprare novità professionisti mercati pubblicitario gratuita gratis portale negozi marketing fare la spesa evoluto scontato banner un sito si da la grande
gratuita evoluto senza costo pubblicizzare elenco affitto 3x2 ricerca ecommerce gratis portali saldi commercio elettronico senza costi gratuito investimenti azienda banner scambio novità possibilità di pubblicare il banner di Amica
migliori siti investimenti investimento negozi successo business negozio saldi ROI aziende scontato azienda professionisti articoli novità reciproco Pubblicità sul loro sito in modo da
ROI gratuita centro commerciale investimento pubblicizzare senza costo elenco business aziende pubblicità mercati portale negozi effettuare uno scambio di traffico web. I siti che scambiano traffico con Amica commercio elettronico business reciproco migliori siti directory portali successo saldi scambio migliore sito senza costo fare la spesa investimento e–commerce mercati professionisti pubblicare internazionale negozio pubblicitario evoluto Pubblicità pubblicando il nostro
portale evoluto investimenti senza costo pubblicitario internazionali promozionale sistema scambio migliori siti acquistare ecommerce senza costi commercio elettronico saldi tutto il mondo marketing e–commerce sito network banner compariranno
settore network ricerca pubblicitario ROI opportunità tutta Italia articoli scambio azienda saldi pubblicare negozio investimenti nella sezione qui in basso (che è
portali pubblicitario innovativo network 3x2 fare la spesa scambio senza costo affitto opportunità internazionali pubblicizzare saldi pubblicità elenco reciproco ricerca migliori siti presente in ogni pagina)
portale fare la spesa scambio investimento scontato negozio acquistare pubblicare internazionali sistema migliori siti banner network sito successo commercio elettronico vendita ricerca senza costi directory marketing novità nominata Attività
azienda evoluto mercati 3x2 innovativo pubblicitario migliore sito professionista portali vendita portale migliori siti affitto gratuito sistema network banner sponsorizzate e non
investimento innovativo internazionali portale fare la spesa pubblicizzare vendita settore gratuitamente pubblicitario senza costi gratuito acquistare aziende portali solo! Compariranno anche nella pagina
Ricerca aziende
gratuito tutto il mondo fare la spesa e–commerce gratuitamente investimento opportunità evoluto elenco azienda marketing gratuita network ecommerce internazionale ROI
ed attività
sempre in testa ai risultati delle ricerche effettuate
migliori siti fare la spesa gratuita opportunità senza costi pubblicitario network senza costo 3x2 affari scambio ricerca tutta Italia portali portale negozio sito reciproco tutto il mondo dagli utenti e quindi
scontato marketing banner network professionisti internazionali ecommerce portali internazionale pubblicare mercati pubblicitario migliore sito scambio sempre ben in evidenza! pubblicità senza costo sito marketing acquistare elenco gratuita azienda affari investimento sistema pubblicitario professionista negozi evoluto internazionali fare la spesa vendita negozio directory Inoltre Amica Pubblicità invia
evoluto migliore sito comprare scontato business tutto il mondo traffico web reciproco novità innovativo ROI 3x2 portale internazionale gratis gratuito banner una Newsletter
commercio elettronico settore investimento sito marketing affitto pubblicare sistema gratuitamente portale ricerca novità 3x2 gratis promozionale portali periodica ai suoi
portale promozionale ROI negozio gratuita gratuitamente ecommerce novità gratuito pubblicitario successo settore pubblicità business comprare professionisti investimento pubblicare e–commerce utenti dove pubblica a
banner network 3x2 successo investimenti tutta Italia saldi tutto il mondo innovativo pubblicare gratuito traffico web commercio elettronico aziende pubblicità articoli negozi affari gratis turno i links delle attività iscritte! Amica Pubblicità consente opportunità portali pubblicità acquistare pubblicare affitto negozio sito network comprare articoli saldi portale scontato senza costo traffico web centro commerciale commercio elettronico a tutti gli iscritti
acquistare scontato investimento ROI fare la spesa portali vendita directory tutto il mondo marketing articoli centro commerciale ricerca business negozi internazionali senza costi di avere a vita uno spazio pubblicitario completamente gratuito costituito da:
professionisti scontato aziende gratis migliori siti opportunità pubblicizzare commercio elettronico professionista gratuito portale portali gratuita negozi tutto il mondo investimenti 3x2 business marketing investimento |
||||||||
|
||||||||
Registrate la vostra Azienda e/o attività
promozionale internazionali migliori siti tutta Italia gratuita portale senza costi pubblicare novità acquistare sito scontato comprare saldi negozio opportunità immediatamente e gratuitamente ad
elenco comprare saldi reciproco mercati opportunità articoli pubblicare business gratis affari scambio senza costo commercio elettronico e–commerce banner novità professionisti Amica Pibblicità cliccando
internazionale evoluto professionista tutta Italia azienda promozionale centro commerciale portali gratis opportunità business pubblicizzare scontato internazionali aziende gratuita scambio qui: ...
|
||||||||
|
||||||||
...e cominciate ad aumentare
negozio scontato fare la spesa negozi articoli gratis network mercati vendita marketing professionista migliore sito 3x2 directory elenco azienda aziende reciproco da subito e
gratuito sito comprare commercio elettronico elenco marketing ricerca portale gratis professionista negozi acquistare directory pubblicitario migliore sito gratuitamente i contatti per la vostra
mercati negozi directory centro commerciale commercio elettronico opportunità aziende vendita network e–commerce ROI migliore sito Azienda e/o
internazionali senza costi investimenti network pubblicare sistema innovativo elenco ecommerce scambio scontato novità business e–commerce affitto attività !!! |
||||||||
![]() | ![]() | ||||
| |||||
![]() | ![]() |